Chapter 15 Nervous System Flashcards

Question

-lepsy

Answer 1

Partial paralysis

Answer 2

Order, coordination

Answer 3

Near, beside; beyond

Answer 4

Union, together, joined

Answer 5

Inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spacial, olfactory, or other sensations, even though the sensory sphere is intact

Answer 6

Type of age-associated dementia caused by small lesions called plaques that develop in the cerebral cortex and interrupt the passage of electrochemical signals between cells; also called cerebral degeneration

Answer 7

Congenital deformity in which some or all of the fetal brain is missing

Answer 8

Injury to the head in which the dura mater remains intact and brain tissue is not exposed

Answer 9

Abnormally deep unconsciousness with an absence of voluntary response stimuli

Answer 10

Traumatic injury to the brain that causes unconsciousness and is commonly of a temporary nature

Answer 11

Any sudden and violent contraction of one or more voluntary muscles that is commonly associated with such brain disorders as epilepsy

Answer 12

Broad term that refers to cognitive deficit, including memory impairment

Answer 13

Inability to learn and process written language, despite adequate intelligence, sensory ability, and exposure

Answer 14

Autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation of the peripheral nerves, damaging their myelin sheaths, resulting in decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflex response, and sudden muscle weakness; also called infective or idiopathic polyneuritis

Answer 15

Acute inflammatory eruption of highly painful vesicles on the trunk of the body or, occasionally, the face that is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox; also called shingles

Answer 16

CNS disorder characterized by quick, involuntary movements, speech disturbances, and mental deterioration; also called neurodegenerative genetic disorder

Answer 17

Accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing an increased intracranial pressure (ICP), thinning of the brain tissue, and separation of cranial bones

Answer 18

Abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli

Answer 19

Chronic, progressive disorder in which a loss of neurotransmitter receptors produces increasingly severe muscle weakness

Answer 20

Congenital deformity of the neural tube (embryonic structure that becomes the fetal brain and spinal cord), which fails to close during fetal development; also called neural tube defect

Answer 21

Form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord develops properly but the meninges protrude through the spine

Answer 22

Most severe form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine

Answer 23

Form of spina bifida in which one or more vertebrae are malformed, and the spinal cord is covered with a layer of skin

Answer 24

Paralysis, usually partial, and commonly characterized by weakness and shaking or uncontrolled tremor

Answer 25

Facial paralysis caused by a functional disorder of the seventh cranial nerve; also called facial nerve palsy

Answer 26

Type of paralysis that affects movement and muscle coordination and may affect gross and fine motor skills

Answer 27

Loss of voluntary motion in one or more muscle groups with or without loss of sensation

Answer 28

Sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity

Answer 29

Degenerative disorder in which the progressive loss of brain cells leads to impairment in motor function, including tremors, muscular rigidity, and a slowing of movement; also called paralysis agitans or shaking palsy

Answer 30

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis

Answer 31

Disorder affecting one or more nerves at the location where the nerve root exits the spine and commonly the result of a herniated or compressed disk, degenerative changes, arthritis, or bone spurs; also called radiculitis

Answer 32

Potentially fatal syndrome that commonly causes brain swelling and liver damage and is characterized by confusion, hyperventilation, violent behavior, seizures, and possibly coma; also called acute noninflammatory encephalopathy and fatty degenerative liver failure

Answer 33

Brief loss of consciousness and posture caused by a temporary decrease of blood flow to the brain; also called fainting

Answer 34

Recording of electrical activity in the brain, whose cells emit distinct patterns of rhythmic electrical impulses

Answer 35

Recording of electrical signals (action potentials) that occur in a muscle when it is at rest and during contraction to assess muscular disease or nerve damage

Answer 36

Needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluid to allow other fluids (such as radiopaque substances) to be injected; also called spinal puncture and spinal tap

Answer 37

Test that measure the speed at which impulses travel through a nerve

Answer 38

Laboratory test to examine a sample of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord that helps diagnose disorders of the central nervous system, including viral and bacterial infections, tumors, and hemorrhage

Answer 39

Radiographic image of the interior of a vessel in combination with a CT scan to produce high-resolution, three-dimensional images of blood vessels

Answer 40

CT scan of the lumbar region after injection of a contrast medium to detect problems with the spine and spinal nerve roots

Answer 41

Ultrasound technique used to study intracranial structures of the brain and diagnose conditions that cause a shift in the midline structures of the brain

Answer 42

Noninvasive neuroimaging technique to pinpoint the specific location where seizure activity originates and enable custom surgical treatment for tumor and epileptic tissue resection; also called magnetoencephalography (MEG)

Answer 43

Radiographic examination to detect pathology of the spinal cord, including the location of a spinal cord injury, cysts, and tumors following injection of a contrast medium

Answer 44

Compound tomography that records the positrons (positively charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmacutical and produces a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity of body tissues to determine the presence of disease

Answer 45

Technique that exposes abnormal issue to extreme cold to destroy it

Answer 46

Partial destruction of the thalamus to treat intractable pain; involuntary movements; including tremors in Parkinson’s disease; or emotional disturbances

Answer 47

Transection of a nerve tract in the brain stem or spinal cord

Answer 48

Technique that cuts a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure

Answer 49

Relieves intracranial pressure due to hydrocephalus by diverting (shunting) excess cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles into the peritoneal or thoracic cavity

Answer 50

Treatment for ischemic stroke using tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a potent clot-busting drug, injected directly into a vein

Answer 51

Extracorporeal procedure to treat patients with autoimmune diseases by removing their plasma containing the offending antibodies and replacing it with donor plasma or plasma substitutes

Answer 52

Procedure that uses three-dimensional imaging (stereotactic) along with high doses of highly focused radiation to destroy tumors and other abnormal growths in the brain, spinal column, and other body sites with minimal exposure to surrounding healthy tissue

Answer 53

Produce partial or complete loss sensation, with or without loss of consciousness

Answer 54

Act upon the brain to produce complete loss of feeling along with loss of consciousness Propofol

Answer 55

Act upon nerves or nerve tracts to affect only a local area Procaine, lidocaine

Answer 56

Blocks pain from the area supplied by that nerve Levobupivacaine

Answer 57

Prevent uncontrolled neuron activity associated with seizures by altering electrical transmission along neurons or altering the chemical composition of neurotransmitters; also called antiepileptics Carbamazepine, valproate, phenytoin

Answer 58

Control tremors and muscle rigidity associated with Parkinson disease by increasing dopamine in the brain Levodopa, levodopa/carbidopa

Answer 59

React at distinct receptor sites in the lambic and cortical system to decrease anxiety Alprazolam, buspirone

Answer 60

Treat psychosis, paranoia, ad schizophrenia by altering chemicals in the brain, including the lambic system, which controls emotions Clozapine, risperidone

Answer 61

Treat multiple symptoms of depression by increasing levels of specific neurotransmitters Citalopram, fluoxetine

Answer 62

Depress central nervous system (CNS) functions, promote sedation and sleep, and relieve agitation, anxiousness, and restlessness Temazepam, zolpidem

Answer 63

Reduce impulsive behavior by increasing the level of neurotransmitters Dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate

Answer 64

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 65

Acetylcholine receptor

Answer 66

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

Answer 67

Central nervous system

Answer 68

Cerebral palsy

Answer 69

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 70

Computed tomography

Answer 71

Computed tomography angiography

Answer 72

Cerebrovascular accident

Answer 73

Electroencephalography

Answer 74

Electromyography

Answer 75

Intracranial pressure

Answer 76

Intravenous

Answer 77

Lumbar puncture

Answer 78

Magnetoencephalography

Answer 79

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 80

Magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 81

Multiple sclerosis; mental status; musculoskeletal; mitral stenosis

Answer 82

Magnetic source imaging

Answer 83

Nerve conduction velocity

Answer 84

Positron emission tomography

Answer 85

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 86

Stereotactic radiosurgery

Answer 87

Transient ischemic attack

Answer 88

Tissue plasminogen activator