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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY > Chapter 5 Integumentary > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Integumentary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Function of integumentary system

A

Guard against loss of water, salts and body heat

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2
Q

How the integumentary system functions

A

Through the use of glands to produce secretions, nerves for pain, temperature, touch, and pressure. As well as maintain body temp through the use of blood vessels dilating or constricting

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3
Q

Three layers of the skin

A

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer

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4
Q

Two layers of the epidermis

A

Stratum corneum, basal layer

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5
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost layer of skin mostly dead cells

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6
Q

Squam/o

A

Scale like

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7
Q

Epidermis does not have

A

Blood vessels or nerve receptors

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8
Q

Basal layer

A

Forms new skin cells

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9
Q

Melanocytes

A

Produce melanin

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10
Q

Melanin

A

Absorbs the suns up rays and protects against them

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11
Q

Individual who cannot produce melanin

A

Albino

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12
Q

-is

A

Noun ending

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13
Q

Dermis

A

Middle layer of integumentary system

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14
Q

Corium

A

Dermis

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15
Q

Dermis contains

A

Blood and lymphatic vessels, nerve fibers, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, connective tissue cells

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16
Q

Hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous layer

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17
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

Protects the deep tissues of the body, stores energy and insulates from heat loss

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18
Q

Adip/o

A

Fat

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19
Q

Adipocytes

A

Form and store fat in the subcutaneous layer

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20
Q

Sebace/o

A

Sebum (oily section)

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21
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Oil glands

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22
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A

Sweat glands

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23
Q

Exo-

A

Outside, outward

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24
Q

-crine

A

To secrete

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25
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secrete substances to outer surface rather than the blood stream

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26
Q

Two exocrine glands

A

Sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands

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27
Q

Where are sebaceous glands located

A

Everywhere but the palms and soles and lips

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28
Q

Sebum

A

Oily substance contains lipids, lubricates skin, maintains moisture and destroys harmful organisms on the skin

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29
Q

Sebaceous glands are located next to and controlled by

A

Hair follicles, and sex hormones

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30
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A

Begin in the dermis and extends to the epidermis and secretes sweat through pores

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31
Q

Where are sweat glands the most prevalent

A

Palm of hands, soles of feet, forehead, and axillae

32
Q

Axillae

A

Armpits

33
Q

Hair shaft

A

Visible part of the hair

34
Q

Hair root

A

Embedded in the dermis

35
Q

Hair follicle

A

The root and it’s coverings

36
Q

Papilla

A

At the bottom of hair follicle, a loop of capillaries enclosed in a covering

37
Q

Alopecia

A

Baldness

38
Q

Hair

A

Tightly fused network of cells filled with keratin

39
Q

Keratin

A

Hard, fibrous protein

40
Q

What produces hair color

A

Melanocytes in the hair follicle

41
Q

Nails

A

Hard keratin plates that cover the dorsal surface of the last bone of each finger and toe

42
Q

Keran/o

A

Hard

43
Q

Nails are formed in

A

The nail root

44
Q

Changes in nail growth and appearance

A

Can Indicate disease

45
Q

Appearance and condition of the skin can provide clues to

A

Body conditions and dysfunctions

46
Q

Lesions

A

Areas of skin that have been pathologically altered by injury, wound or infection

47
Q

Localized

A

An area of a definitive size

48
Q

Systemic

A

An area widely spread throughout the body

49
Q

Primary skin lesions

A

Initial reaction to pathologically altered tissue

50
Q

Secondary skin lesion

A

Changes that occur after the initial reaction as a result of infection, scratching, trauma, or various stages of a disease

51
Q

Papule

A

Solid, elevated lesion less than 1cm in diameter

52
Q

Nodule

A

Can be felt, larger and deeper than a papule, extends to dermis

53
Q

Tumor

A

Solid, elevated lesion larger than 2cm in diameter

54
Q

Wheal

A

Elevated, firm, rounded lesion with localized skin edema, paler in center and itches

55
Q

Vesicle

A

Elevated fluid filled lesion less than 0.5 cm in diameter

56
Q

Pustule

A

Small raised lesion that contains pus less than 1cm in diameter

57
Q

Bulla

A

A vesicle or blister larger than 1cm in diameter

58
Q

Excoriations

A

Liner scratch marks or traumatized abrasions of the epidermis

59
Q

Fissure

A

Small slit or crack-like sore that extends to the dermal layer, can be caused by continuous inflammation and drying

60
Q

Ulcer

A

An open sore or lesion that extends to the dermis and usually heals with scarring

61
Q

First degree burn

A

Superficial burn to the epidermis, ex thermal burn, sunburn, or chemical burns, produces blisters

62
Q

Erythema

A

Skin redness

63
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

Hypersensitive feelings (touch, heat, or cold)

64
Q

Second degree burns

A

Partial thickness,Damage the epithelial layer and part of the dermis produces fluid filled blisters

65
Q

Third degree burns

A

Full thickness, epidermis and dermis are destroyed, subcutaneous layer is damaged, no reaction to stimuli, leaves charred white tissue

66
Q

Dermatoplasty

A

Skin grafting

67
Q

Benign

A

Non cancerous growth, usually don’t require removal unless size becomes an issue

68
Q

Neoplasms

A

Abnormal growths of new tissue

69
Q

Malignant

A

Cancerous growth, are invasive and can spread to other parts of the body (metastasize) and can become fatal

70
Q

Tumors are graded upon

A

How closely they resemble normal tissue

71
Q

Metastasis

A

Invasiveness

72
Q

Androgen

A

Generic term for an agent (usually a hormone, such as testosterone or androsterone) that stimulates development of male characteristics

73
Q

Ductule

A

Very small duct

74
Q

Homeostasis

A

State of equilibrium of the internal environment of the body despite changes in the external environment

75
Q

Synthesize

A

Forming a complex substance by the union of simpler compounds or elements

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (20 decks)

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