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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY > Chapter 9 Lymphatic > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Lymphatic Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland

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2
Q

Agglutin/o

A

Clumping, gluing

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3
Q

Blast/o

A

Embryonic cell

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4
Q

Chrom/o

A

Color

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5
Q

Erythr/o

A

Red

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6
Q

Granul/o

A

Granule

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7
Q

Hem/o

A

Blood

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8
Q

Hemat/o

A

Blood

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9
Q

Immun/o

A

Immune, immunity, safe

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10
Q

Leuk/o

A

White

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11
Q

Lymph/o

A

Lymph

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12
Q

Lymphaden/o

A

Lymph gland (node)

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13
Q

Lymphangi/o

A

Lymph vessel

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14
Q

Morph/o

A

Form, shape, structure

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15
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow, spinal cord

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16
Q

Nucle/o

A

Nucleus

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17
Q

Phag/o

A

Swallowing , eating

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18
Q

Poikil/o

A

Varied, irregular

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19
Q

Ser/o

A

Serum

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20
Q

Sider/o

A

Iron

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21
Q

Splen/o

A

Spleen

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22
Q

Thromb/o

A

Blood clot

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23
Q

Thym/o

A

Thymus gland

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24
Q

-blast

A

Embryonic cell

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25
Q

-globin

A

Protein

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26
Q

-penia

A

Decrease, deficiency

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27
Q

-phil

A

Attraction for

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28
Q

-phylaxis

A

Protection

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29
Q

-poiesis

A

Formation, production

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30
Q

-stasis

A

Standing still

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31
Q

Aniso-

A

Unequal, dissimilar

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32
Q

Aplastic anemia (hypoplastic)

A

Anemia associated with bone marrow failure, resulting in erythropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

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33
Q

Folic-acid deficiency anemia

A

Inability to produce sufficient RBC because of lack of folic acid, a B vitamin essential for erythropoiesis

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34
Q

Hemolytic

A

Destruction of RBC commonly resulting in jaundice

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35
Q

Iron-deficiency anemia

A

Lack of sufficient iron in RBCs

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36
Q

Pernicious anemia (PA)

A

Chronic, progressive anemia found mostly in people older than age 50 resulting from a lack of sufficient vitamin b12 needed for blood cell development

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37
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Inherited anemia that causes RBCs to become crescent or sickle shaped when oxygen levels are low

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38
Q

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

Infectious disease caused the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that destroys the CD4 (helper T) cells of the immune system to such an extent that the patient falls victim to infections that usually do not affect healthy individuals (opportunistic infections)

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39
Q

Coagulation disorders

A

Any disruption or impairment in the ability to form blood blots or control bleeding

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40
Q

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A

Abnormal blood clotting in small vessels throughout the body that cuts off supply of oxygen to distal tissues, resulting in damage to body organs

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41
Q

Hemophilia

A

Congenital hereditary disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factor VIII (hemophilia A) or clotting factor IX (hemophilia B), resulting in prolonged bleeding, also called bleeders disease

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42
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Abnormal decrease in platelets caused by low production of platelets or their increased destruction in the blood vessels, spleen or liver

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43
Q

Graft rejection

A

Process in which a recipient’s immune system identifies the transplanted graft as foreign and attacks and destroys it

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44
Q

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)

A

Complication that occurs following a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the transplant produces antibodies against the recipient’s organs, commonly severely enough to cause death

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45
Q

Hemoglobinopathy

A

Any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule

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46
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

A

Acute infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that primarily affects young adults and children and causes fatigue, malaise, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy of the neck or armpits, also calle mono and kissing disease

47
Q

Kaposi sarcoma (KS)

A

Cancer caused by the human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) that mainly affects the skin and mucous membranes but may also have extensive visceral organ involvement, also called malignant neoplasm of soft tissue

48
Q

Lymphedema

A

Swelling, primarily in a single arm or leg, resulting from an accumulation of lymph within tissues caused by obstruction or disease in the lymph vessels

49
Q

Lymphoma

A

Any malignancy involving lymphocytes (B cells, T cells, or both) that commonly affects lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissue

50
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)

A

Malignancy of B cells that occurs in lymph nodes of the neck or chest and may spread to nearby lymph nodes and the spleen and sometimes to the bone marrow, also called classical Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin disease

51
Q

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)

A

Any malignancy of B cells, T cells, or NK cells that does not involve Reed-Sternberg cells

52
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

Malignancy of the bone marrow that affects plasma cells, leading to proliferation of abnormal antibodies, destruction of healthy bone marrow cells, and weakening of bone tissue

53
Q

Sepsis

A

Presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood, also called septicemia, or blood poisoning

54
Q

Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)

A

Widespread autoimmune disease that affects skin, brain, kidneys, and joints and causes chronic inflammation; also called discoid lupus if symptoms are limited to the skin

55
Q

Thrombocythemia

A

Overproduction of platelets, leading to thrombosis or bleeding disorders as a result of platelet malformation

56
Q

Antinuclear antibody (ANA)

A

Test that identifies the antibodies that attack the nucleus of the individual’s own body cells (autoantibodies)

57
Q

Blood culture

A

Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream

58
Q

Complete blood count (CBC)

A

Series of tests that includes hemoglobin, hematocrit, red and white blood cell counts, platelet count, and differential (diff) count, also called hemogram

59
Q

Monospot

A

Nonspecific rapid serological test for the presence of the heterophile antibody, which develops several days after infection by Epstein-Barr virus, the organism that causes infectious mononucleosis

60
Q

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

A

Screening test for deficiencies in clotting factors by measuring the length of time it takes blood to clot, also called activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

61
Q

Prothrombin time (PT)

A

Test used to detect and diagnose bleeding disorders or excessive clotting disorders, also called pro time

62
Q

Bone marrow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

Highly sensitive imaging procedure that detects lesions and changes in bone tissue and bone marrow, especially in diagnosing multiple myeloma

63
Q

Lymphangiography

A

Visualization of lymph channels and lymph nodes using a contrast medium to determine blockages or other pathologies of the lymphatic system

64
Q

Lymphoscintigraphy

A

Introduction of a radioactive tracer into the lymph channels to determine lymph flow, identify obstructions, and locate the sentinel node

65
Q

Bone marrow aspiration

A

Removal of bone marrow (usually from the pelvis) for microscopic examination using a thin aspirating needle

66
Q

Bone marrow transplant (BMT)

A

Infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after destroying the diseased bone marrow by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both and commonly used to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain cancers; also called stem cell transplant

67
Q

Lymphadenectomy

A

Removal of lymph nodes, especially in surgical procedures undertaken to remove malignant tissue, in an effort to control the spread of cancer

68
Q

Sentinel node excision

A

Removal of the first node (sentinel node) that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells

69
Q

Immunotherapy

A

Any form of treatment that alters, enhances, stimulates, or restores the body’s own natural immune mechanisms to treat diseases; also called biological therapy

70
Q

Immunoglobulin (IG) therapy

A

Treatment using antibody mixtures, administered via intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular routes

71
Q

Plasmapheresis

A

Dialysis procedure that removes and discards the patient’s plasma containing the autoantibodies responsible for tissue destruction in autoimmunity and returns the blood cells to the patient suspended in the plasma of a donor

72
Q

Transfusion

A

Infusion of blood or blood products from one person (donor) to another (recipient)

73
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Prevent blood clot formation by inactivating one or more clotting factors or inhibiting their synthesis
Heparin, warfarin, dabigatran

74
Q

Antifibrinolytics

A

Neutralize fibrinolytic chemicals in the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and urinary tract to prevent the breakdown of blood clots
Aminocaproic acid

75
Q

Antimicrobials

A

Destroy bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, depending on the particular drug, generally by interfering with the functions of the cell membrane or reproductive cycle
Trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole metronidazole

76
Q

Antiretrovirals

A

Prevent replication of viruses within host cells
Nelfinavir, lamivadine/zidovudine

77
Q

Immunosuppressants

A

Decrease inflammation by suppressing the body’s natural immune response
Prednisone, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil

78
Q

Trombolytics

A

Dissolve blood clots by destroying their fibrin strands
Alteplase, streptokinase

79
Q

AB, ab, Ab

A

Antibody, abortion

80
Q

A, B, AB, O

A

Blood types in ABO blood group

81
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

82
Q

ANA

A

Antinuclear antibody

83
Q

APC

A

Antigen-presenting cell

84
Q

APTT

A

Activated partial thromboplastin time

85
Q

BMT

A

Bone marrow transplant

86
Q

CBC

A

Complete blood count

87
Q

CO2

A

Carbon dioxide

88
Q

DIC

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

89
Q

Diff

A

Differential count (white blood cells)

90
Q

DVT

A

Deep vein thrombosis

91
Q

EBV

A

Epstein-Barr virus

92
Q

GVHD

A

Graft-versus-host disease

93
Q

Hb, Hgb

A

Hemoglobin

94
Q

HHV-8

A

Human herpes virus 8

95
Q

HIV

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

96
Q

HL

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

97
Q

Ig

A

Immunoglobulin

98
Q

IVIG

A

Intravenous immunoglobulin

99
Q

KS

A

Kaposi sarcoma

100
Q

MNL

A

Mononuclear leukocytes

101
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

102
Q

NHL

A

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

103
Q

NK cell

A

Natural killer cell

104
Q

O2

A

Oxygen

105
Q

PA

A

Pernicious anemia

106
Q

PCP

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia, primary care physician

107
Q

PMN

A

Polymorphonuclear

108
Q

PMNL, poly

A

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte

109
Q

PT

A

Prothrombin time, physical therapy

110
Q

PTT

A

Partial thromboplastin time

111
Q

RA

A

Right atrium, rheumatoid arthritis

112
Q

RBC, rbc

A

Red blood cell

113
Q

SLE

A

Systemic lupus erythermatosus

114
Q

WBC, wbc

A

White blood cell

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (20 decks)

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