Chapter 11 Urinary Flashcards
1
Q
Albumin/o
A
Albumin, protein
2
Q
Azot/o
A
Nitrogenous compounds
3
Q
Bacteri/o
A
Bacteria (singular bacterium)
4
Q
Cyst/o
A
Bladder
5
Q
Vesic/o
A
Bladder
6
Q
Glomerul/o
A
Glomerulus
7
Q
Kal/i
A
Potassium (an electrolyte)
8
Q
Keton/o
A
Ketone bodies (acids and acetones)
9
Q
Lith/o
A
Stone, calculus
10
Q
Meat/o
A
Opening, meatus
11
Q
Nephr/o
A
Kidney
12
Q
Ren/o
A
Kidney
13
Q
Noct/o
A
Night
14
Q
Olig/o
A
Scanty
15
Q
Py/o
A
Pus
16
Q
Pyel/o
A
Renal pelvis
17
Q
Ur/o
A
Urine, urinary tract
18
Q
Ureter/o
A
Ureter
19
Q
Erethr/o
A
Urethra
20
Q
-genesis
A
Forming, producing, origin
21
Q
-iasis
A
Abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
22
Q
-uria
A
Urine
23
Q
Dia-
A
Through, across
24
Q
Retro-
A
Backward, behind
25
Electrolyte
Mineral salt of the body that carries an electrical charge and regulates nerve impulses, muscle contraction, hydration, and blood pH
INCLUDE sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate
26
Filtrate
Fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli into bowman capsule
Similar to plasma but with less protein, urine formed from filtrate
27
Nitrogenous waste
Product of protein metabolism that includes urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, and ammonia
28
Peristaltic wave
Sequence of rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles of a hollow organ to force material forward and prevent backflow
29
Peritoneum
Serous membrane that lines that abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs within the cavity
30
pH
Symbol that expresses the alkalinity or acidity of a solution
31
Plasma
Liquid portion of blood that is filtered by the nephrons to remove dissolved waste
32
Anuria
Absence of urine production or output
33
Bladder neck obstruction (BNO)
Blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra
34
Cystocele
Prolapsing or downward displacement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between the bladder and vagina
35
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Any type of kidney disease in which there is little or no remaining kidney function, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant for survival
36
Enuresis
Involuntary discharge of urine, also called incontinence
37
Fistula
Abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another
38
Hydronephrosis
Abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys caused by pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract
39
Interstitial cystitis (IC)
Chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy, also called painful bladder syndrome
40
Nephrotic syndrome
Loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomeruler membrane
41
Neurogenic bladder
Impairment of bladder control as a result of brain, spinal cord, or nerve damage
42
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
Inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys
43
Pyelonephritis
Infection of the kidney, usually the result of an infection that begins in the urethra or bladder and ascends the ureters to the kidney
44
Urgency
Sensation of the need to void immediately
45
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
An infection, typically of bacterial origin, in any part of the urinary tract, including the kidneys (acute pyelonephritis), bladder (cystitis), or urethra (urethritis)
46
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
Disorder caused by failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually as a result of impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter
47
Wilms tumor
Rapidly developing malignant tumor of the kidney that usually occurs in children; also called nephroblastoma
48
Electromyography (EMG)
Measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra
49
Cystoscopy (cysto)
Examination of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, to obtain biopsies of tumors or other growths, or to remove polyps
50
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Test that determines the amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea, a waste product of protein metabolism
51
Culture and sensitivity (C&S)
Test that determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various antibiotics
52
Urinalysis (UA)
Urine screening test that includes physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic examination
53
Bladder ultrasound
A noninvasive painless test that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the bladder before and after urination to check for urinary retention
54
Intravenous pyelography (IVP)
Imaging of the urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium; also called excretory urography
55
Renal nuclear scan
Nuclear imaging test using a radioactive substance (tracer) injected intravenously to produce images of the kidneys
56
Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
X-ray of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging
57
Kidney transplant
Replacement of a diseased kidney with one that is supplied by a comparable donor (usually a family member or a cadaver who has donated the kidney before death)
58
Nephrostomy
Opening created between the skin and kidney to drain urine through a tube to a collecting receptacle outside the body when the ureters are unable to do so
59
Ureteral stent placement
Insertion of a thin, narrow tube into the ureter or prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney
60
Dialysis
Filtering procedure used to remove fluid and waste products from the blood and correct for electrolyte imbalances
61
Hemodialysis
Dialysis in which an artificial kidney machine receives waste-filled blood,filters it using a solution called a dialysate, and then returned the dialyzed (clean) blood to the patients bloodstream
62
Peritoneal dialysis
Dialysis in which toxic substances are removed from the body by using the peritoneal membrane as the filter by perfusing (flushing) the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution
63
Antibiotics
Treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes
Ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
64
Antispasmodics
Decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, thus allowing normal emptying of the bladder
Tolterodine, solifenacin
65
Diurectics
Promote and increase the excretion of urine
Furosemide, spironolactone
66
Potassium supplements
Replace potassium after depletion caused by diuretics
Potassium chloride
67
ATN
Acute tubular necrosis
68
BNO
Bladder neck obstruction
69
BUN
Blood urea nitrogen
70
C&S
Culture and sensitivity
71
Cysto
Cystoscopy
72
EMG
Electromyogram, electromyography
73
ESRD
End-stage renal disease
74
ESWL
Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
75
IC
Intestitial cystitis
76
IVP
Intravenous pyelogram, intravenous pyelography
77
pH
Symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity
78
PCNL
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
79
PKD
Polycystic kidney disease
80
TURBT
Transurethral resection of bladder tumor
81
UA
Urinalysis
82
US
Ultrasound, ultrasonography
83
UTI
Urinary tract infection
84
VCUG
Voiding cystouruethrography
85
VUR
Vesicoureteral reflux
