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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY > Chapter 11 Urinary > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Urinary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Albumin/o

A

Albumin, protein

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2
Q

Azot/o

A

Nitrogenous compounds

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3
Q

Bacteri/o

A

Bacteria (singular bacterium)

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4
Q

Cyst/o

A

Bladder

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5
Q

Vesic/o

A

Bladder

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6
Q

Glomerul/o

A

Glomerulus

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7
Q

Kal/i

A

Potassium (an electrolyte)

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8
Q

Keton/o

A

Ketone bodies (acids and acetones)

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9
Q

Lith/o

A

Stone, calculus

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10
Q

Meat/o

A

Opening, meatus

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11
Q

Nephr/o

A

Kidney

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12
Q

Ren/o

A

Kidney

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13
Q

Noct/o

A

Night

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14
Q

Olig/o

A

Scanty

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15
Q

Py/o

A

Pus

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16
Q

Pyel/o

A

Renal pelvis

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17
Q

Ur/o

A

Urine, urinary tract

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18
Q

Ureter/o

A

Ureter

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19
Q

Erethr/o

A

Urethra

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20
Q

-genesis

A

Forming, producing, origin

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21
Q

-iasis

A

Abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

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22
Q

-uria

A

Urine

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23
Q

Dia-

A

Through, across

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24
Q

Retro-

A

Backward, behind

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25
Q

Electrolyte

A

Mineral salt of the body that carries an electrical charge and regulates nerve impulses, muscle contraction, hydration, and blood pH
INCLUDE sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate

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26
Q

Filtrate

A

Fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli into bowman capsule
Similar to plasma but with less protein, urine formed from filtrate

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27
Q

Nitrogenous waste

A

Product of protein metabolism that includes urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, and ammonia

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28
Q

Peristaltic wave

A

Sequence of rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles of a hollow organ to force material forward and prevent backflow

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29
Q

Peritoneum

A

Serous membrane that lines that abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs within the cavity

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30
Q

pH

A

Symbol that expresses the alkalinity or acidity of a solution

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31
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid portion of blood that is filtered by the nephrons to remove dissolved waste

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32
Q

Anuria

A

Absence of urine production or output

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33
Q

Bladder neck obstruction (BNO)

A

Blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra

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34
Q

Cystocele

A

Prolapsing or downward displacement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between the bladder and vagina

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35
Q

End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

A

Any type of kidney disease in which there is little or no remaining kidney function, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant for survival

36
Q

Enuresis

A

Involuntary discharge of urine, also called incontinence

37
Q

Fistula

A

Abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another

38
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys caused by pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract

39
Q

Interstitial cystitis (IC)

A

Chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy, also called painful bladder syndrome

40
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomeruler membrane

41
Q

Neurogenic bladder

A

Impairment of bladder control as a result of brain, spinal cord, or nerve damage

42
Q

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

A

Inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys

43
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Infection of the kidney, usually the result of an infection that begins in the urethra or bladder and ascends the ureters to the kidney

44
Q

Urgency

A

Sensation of the need to void immediately

45
Q

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

An infection, typically of bacterial origin, in any part of the urinary tract, including the kidneys (acute pyelonephritis), bladder (cystitis), or urethra (urethritis)

46
Q

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

A

Disorder caused by failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually as a result of impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter

47
Q

Wilms tumor

A

Rapidly developing malignant tumor of the kidney that usually occurs in children; also called nephroblastoma

48
Q

Electromyography (EMG)

A

Measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra

49
Q

Cystoscopy (cysto)

A

Examination of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, to obtain biopsies of tumors or other growths, or to remove polyps

50
Q

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

Test that determines the amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea, a waste product of protein metabolism

51
Q

Culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

Test that determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various antibiotics

52
Q

Urinalysis (UA)

A

Urine screening test that includes physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic examination

53
Q

Bladder ultrasound

A

A noninvasive painless test that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the bladder before and after urination to check for urinary retention

54
Q

Intravenous pyelography (IVP)

A

Imaging of the urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium; also called excretory urography

55
Q

Renal nuclear scan

A

Nuclear imaging test using a radioactive substance (tracer) injected intravenously to produce images of the kidneys

56
Q

Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

A

X-ray of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging

57
Q

Kidney transplant

A

Replacement of a diseased kidney with one that is supplied by a comparable donor (usually a family member or a cadaver who has donated the kidney before death)

58
Q

Nephrostomy

A

Opening created between the skin and kidney to drain urine through a tube to a collecting receptacle outside the body when the ureters are unable to do so

59
Q

Ureteral stent placement

A

Insertion of a thin, narrow tube into the ureter or prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney

60
Q

Dialysis

A

Filtering procedure used to remove fluid and waste products from the blood and correct for electrolyte imbalances

61
Q

Hemodialysis

A

Dialysis in which an artificial kidney machine receives waste-filled blood,filters it using a solution called a dialysate, and then returned the dialyzed (clean) blood to the patients bloodstream

62
Q

Peritoneal dialysis

A

Dialysis in which toxic substances are removed from the body by using the peritoneal membrane as the filter by perfusing (flushing) the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution

63
Q

Antibiotics

A

Treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes
Ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

64
Q

Antispasmodics

A

Decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, thus allowing normal emptying of the bladder
Tolterodine, solifenacin

65
Q

Diurectics

A

Promote and increase the excretion of urine
Furosemide, spironolactone

66
Q

Potassium supplements

A

Replace potassium after depletion caused by diuretics
Potassium chloride

67
Q

ATN

A

Acute tubular necrosis

68
Q

BNO

A

Bladder neck obstruction

69
Q

BUN

A

Blood urea nitrogen

70
Q

C&S

A

Culture and sensitivity

71
Q

Cysto

A

Cystoscopy

72
Q

EMG

A

Electromyogram, electromyography

73
Q

ESRD

A

End-stage renal disease

74
Q

ESWL

A

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

75
Q

IC

A

Intestitial cystitis

76
Q

IVP

A

Intravenous pyelogram, intravenous pyelography

77
Q

pH

A

Symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity

78
Q

PCNL

A

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

79
Q

PKD

A

Polycystic kidney disease

80
Q

TURBT

A

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor

81
Q

UA

A

Urinalysis

82
Q

US

A

Ultrasound, ultrasonography

83
Q

UTI

A

Urinary tract infection

84
Q

VCUG

A

Voiding cystouruethrography

85
Q

VUR

A

Vesicoureteral reflux

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (20 decks)

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