Chapter 16 Special Senses Flashcards
1
Q
Accommodation
A
Adjustment of the eye for various distances so that images focus on the retina of the eye
2
Q
Acuity
A
Clearness or sharpness of a sensory function
3
Q
Adnexa
A
Tissues or structures in the body adjacent to or near a related structure
4
Q
Humor
A
Any fluid or semifluid of the body
5
Q
Labyrinth
A
Series of intricate communicating passages
6
Q
Opaque
A
Substance or surface that neither transmits nor allows the passage of light
7
Q
Perilymph
A
Fluid that very closely resembles spinal fluid but is found in the cochlea
8
Q
Photopigment
A
Light-sensitive pigment in the retinal cones and rods that absorb light and initiates the visual process; also called visual pigment
9
Q
Refractive
A
Ability to bend light rays as they pass from one medium to another
10
Q
Stereopsis
A
Depth perception provided by visual information derived from two eyes located in slightly different positions so that each produces its own unique view of an object
11
Q
Ambly/o
A
Dull, dim
12
Q
Aque/o
A
Water
13
Q
Blephar/o
A
Eyelid
14
Q
Choroid/o
A
Choroid
15
Q
Conjunctiv/o
A
Conjunctiva
16
Q
Core/o
A
Pupil
17
Q
Pupill/o
A
Pupil
18
Q
Corne/o
A
Cornea
19
Q
Cycl/o
A
Ciliary body of the eye; circular; cycle
20
Q
Dacry/o
A
Tear; lacrimal apparatus (duct, sac or gland)
21
Q
Lacrim/o
A
Tear; lacrimal apparatus (duct, sac, gland)
22
Q
Dacryocyst/o
A
Lacrimal sac
23
Q
Glauc/o
A
Gray
24
Q
Goni/o
A
Angle
25
Irid/o
Iris
26
Kerat/o
Horny tissue; hard; cornea
27
Ocul/o
Eye
28
Ophthalm/o
Eye
29
Opt/o
Eye; vision
30
Optic/o
Eye; vision
31
Phac/o
Lens
32
Phot/o
Light
33
Presby/o
Old age
34
Retin/o
Retina
35
Scler/o
Hardening; sclera (white of the eye)
36
Scot/o
Darkness
37
Vitr/o
Vitreous body (of the eye)
38
Audi/o
Hearing
39
Labyrinth/o
Labyrinth (inner ear)
40
Mastoid/o
Mastoid process
41
Ot/o
Ear
42
Salping/o
Tubes (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)
43
Staped/o
Stapes
44
Tympan/o
Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
45
Myring/o
Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
46
-acusia
Hearing
47
-cusis
Hearing
48
-opia
Vision
49
-opsia
Vision
50
-tropia
Turning
51
Exo-
Outside, outward
52
Hyper-
Excessive, above normal
53
Achromatopsia
Severe congenital deficiency in color perception; also called complete color blindness
54
Ametropia
Failure of light rays to focus sharply on the retina as a result of a defect in the lens, cornea, or shape of the eyeball; also called error of refraction
55
Astigmatism (Ast)
Distorted vision resulting from a defective curvature of the cornea or lens causing light rays to diffuse over a large area of the retina rather than being sharply focused
56
Hyperopia
Visual defect in which the eyeball is too short, and the image falls behind the retina; also called farsightedness
57
Myopia
Visual defect in which the eyeball is too long, and the image falls in front of the retina; also called nearsightedness
58
Cataract
Opacity that forms on the lens and impairs vision, caused by proteins that slowly build up over time
59
Chalazion
Small, hard tumor developing on the eyelid, somewhat similar to a sebaceous cyst; also called meibomian cyst
60
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva and inner eyelids with vascular congestion; also called pinkeye
61
Drusen
Small, yellowish deposits composed of retinal pigment cells that develop under the retina and are associated with an increased risk of developing age-related macular degeneration
62
Ectropion
Eversion, or outward turning, of the edge of the lower eyelid, causing it to pull away from the eye, generally associated with aging and weakness of the small muscles around the eyelid
63
Entropion
Inversion, or inward turning, of the edge of the lower eyelid, commonly causing friction as the eyelashes and outer eyelid rub against the surface of the eye
64
Epiphora
Abnormal overflow of tears
65
Hordeolum
Localized, circumscribed, inflammatory swelling of one of the several sebaceous glands of the eyelid; also called stye
66
Metamorphopsia
Visual distortion of objects
67
Nyctalopia
Impaired vision in dim light; also called night blindness
68
Nystagmus
Type of involuntary eye movements that appear jerky and may reduce vision or be associated with other, more serious conditions that limit vision
69
Papilledema
Swelling and hyperemia of the optic disc, usually associated with increased intracranial pressure; also called choked disc
70
Photophobia
Unusual intolerance of and sensitivity to light
71
Retinopathy
Any disorders of retinal blood vessels
72
Strabismus
Misalignment of the eyes so that they do not focus on the same object at the same time, sending two different images to the brain; also called heterotropia or tropia
73
Trachoma
Chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis that typically leads to blindness
74
Anacusis
Complete blindness; also called anacusia
75
Conduction impairment
Blocking of sound waves as they pass through the external and middle ear (conduction pathway)
76
Labyrinthitis
Inflammation of the inner ear that usually results from an acute viral disease, such as mumps, measles or influenza
77
Meniere disease
Increased fluid pressure of the endolymphatic system that leads to progressive loss of hearing; also called endolymphatic/labyrinthinehydrops
78
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
Condition caused by the destruction of hair cells, the organs responsible for hearing, as a result of sounds that are “too long, too loud, or too close”
79
Otitis external
Infection of the external auditory canal
80
Presbyacusis
Impairment of hearing resulting from old age; also called presbyacusia
81
Tinnitus
Perception of ringing, hissing, or other sounds in the ears or head when no external sound is present
82
Vertigo
Sensation of a spinning motion of oneself or the surroundings
83
Audiometry
Measurement of hearing acuity at differing sound-wave frequencies and volumes to detect the various types of hearing impairment
84
Caloric stimulation test
Test that uses different water temperatures to assess the vestibular portion of the nerve of the inner ear (acoustic nerve) to determine whether nerve damage is the cause of vertigo
85
Electronystagmography (ENG)
Method of assessing and recording eye movements by measuring the electrical activity of the extraocular muscles
86
Gonioscopy
Examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye to determine ocular motility and rotation and diagnose and manage glaucoma
87
Ophthalmodynamometry
Measurement of the blood pressure on the retinal vessels
88
Ophthalmoscopy
Visual examination of the interior of the eye using a handheld instrument called an ophthalmoscope, which has various adjustable lenses for magnification and a light source to illuminate the interior of the eye
89
Otoscopy
Visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope
90
Pneumatic otoscope
Otoscopic procedure that assesses the ability of the tympanic membrane to move in response to a change in air pressure
91
Retinoscopy
Evaluation of refractive errors of the eye by projecting a light into the eyes and determining the movement of reflected light rays
92
Slit-lamp examination (SLE)
Stereoscopic magnified view of the anterior eye structures in detail, which includes the cornea, lens, iris, sclera, and vitreous humor
93
Tonometry
Evaluation of intraocular pressure by measuring the resistance of the eyeball to indentation by applied force
94
Tuning fork tests
Hearing tests using a vibrating tuning fork to determine type of hearing loss
95
Rinne
Tuning fork test that evaluates unilateral hearing loss by comparing sound through bone conduction (BC) versus air conduction (AC); also called air and bone conduction hearing test
96
Weber
Tuning fork test that determines whether hearing loss occurs in the middle ear (conductive hearing loss) or in the auditory nerves or hair cells of the inner ear (sensorineural); also called conductive and sensorineural hearing loss test
97
Visual acuity (VA) test
Part of an eye examination that determines the smallest letters that an be read on a standardized chart at a distance of 20 feet and commonly expressed as a fraction
98
Dacryocystography
Radiographic imaging procedure of the nasolacrimal (tear) glands and ducts
99
Fluorescein angiography
Evaluation of blood vessels and their leakage in and beneath the retina after injection of fluorescein dye, which circulates while photographs of the vessels within the eye are obtained
100
Blepharoplasty
Cosmetic surgery that removes fatty tissue above and below the eyes that commonly forms as a result of the aging process or excessive exposure to the sun
101
Cochlear implant insertion
Placement of an artificial hearing device that produces hearing sensations by electrically stimulating nerves inside the inner ear, also called bionic ear
102
Cyclodialysis
Formation of an opening between the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal space for the draining of aqueous humor in glaucoma
103
Enucleation
Removal of the eyeball from the orbit
104
Evisceration
Removal of the contents of the eye while leaving the sclera and the cornea intact
105
LASIK surgery
Procedure using a specialized laser passed through a temporary flap made in the cornea to reshape underlying corneal tissue
106
Otoplasty
Corrective surgery for a deformed or excessively large or small pinna
107
Phacoemulsification with lens implant
Ultrasonic destruction and removal of a cloudy lens and replacement with a new, clear artificial lens; also called phaco
108
Pressure-equalizing (PE) tube placement
Insertion of tubes through the tympanic membrane, commonly used to treat chronic otitis media; also called tympanostomy tubes or ventilation tubes
109
Sclerostomy
Surgical formation of an opening in the sclera
110
Tympanoplasty
Reconstruction of the eardrum, commonly as a result of perforation; also called myringoplasty
111
Ear irrigation
Flushing of the ear canal with water or saline to dislodge foreign bodies or impacted cerumen (earwax)
112
Eye refraction test
Visual acuity test to determine the prescription for eyeglasses or contact lenses if required
113
Retinal photocoagulation
Technique that uses light energy in the form of a laser beam to seal or cauterize retinal tissue; also called laser photocoagulation
114
Antibiotics ophthalmic
Inhibit growth of microorganisms that infect the eye
Tobramycin, ciprofloxacin
115
Antiglaucoma agents
Increase aqueous humor outflow or decrease its production, resulting in decreased intraocular pressure
Timolol, dorzolamide, latanoprost
116
Anti-inflammatory, ophthalmics
Reduce inflammation after corneal injury or ophthalmic surgery or in chronic inflammatory eye conditions
Prednisolone, ketorolac
117
Artificial tears
Soothe eyes that are dry because of environmental irritants and allergens
Cellulose derivatives, glycerin, propylene glycol
118
Mydriatics
Disrupt parasympathetic nerve supply to the eye or stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, causing the pupil to dilate
Atropine sulfate
119
Decongestants, ophthalmic
Constrict the small arterioles of the eye, decreasing redness and relieving conjunctival congestion
Tetrahydrozoline
120
Ear antiemetics
Treat and prevent nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and vertigo by reducing the sensitivity of the inner ear to motion or inhibiting stimuli from reaching the part of the brain that triggers nausea and vomiting
Meclizine
121
Optic analgesics
Provide temporary relief from pain and inflammation associated with optic disorders
Antipyrine and benzocaine
122
Wax emulsifiers
Loosen and help remove impacted cerumen (ear wax)
Carbamide peroxide
123
Acc
Accommodation
124
ARMD, AMD
Age-related macular degeneration
125
Ast
Astigmatism
126
ENG
Electronystagmography
127
IOL
Intraocular lens
128
IOP
Intraocular pressure
129
LASIK
Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis
130
O.D.
Doctor of optometry
131
SLE
Slit-lamp examination; systemic lupus erythematosus
132
ST
Esotropia
133
VA
Visual acuity
134
VF
Visual field
135
XT
Exotropia
136
AC
Air conduction
137
BC
Bone conduction
138
ENT
Ear, nose, throat
139
NIHL
Noise-induced hearing loss
140
OM
Otitis media
141
PE
Pressure-equalizing (tube); physical examination; pulmonary embolism
142
URI
Upper respiratory infection
