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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY > Chapter 4 Body Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Body Structure Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Five levels of organization in the body

A

Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms

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2
Q

Cyt/o

A

Cell

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3
Q

Cell

A

Smallest unit in animals and plants, sustain life

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4
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Surrounds, protects, regulates what’s passing through cell

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Jelly substance in cell with nutrients, proteins, salts, water, dissolved gas. Stays outside of nucleus

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

Determines structure and function of cell

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7
Q

Nucleus dictates…

A

Metabolism, growth, and reproduction

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8
Q

What does the DNA in nuclei form

A

Chromosomes

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9
Q

of chromosomes in human body

A

23 pairs

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10
Q

of chromosomes in sex cells

A

23 unpaired

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11
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of similar cells that perform a specific function

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12
Q

Hits/o

A

Tissue

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13
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Outer layer of skin, covers the surface of organs, lines cavities and canals, forms tubes and ducts, makes secreting portions of glands

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14
Q

Connective tissue

A

Supports and connects other body tissues

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15
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Tissue that can contract and creates movement

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16
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Transmits and relays electrical signals throughout the body

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17
Q

Four types of tissues

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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18
Q

Organs

A

Two or more tissues working to perform a specific function

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19
Q

Viscer/o

A

Internal organs

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20
Q

Body systems

A

Groups of organs working to perform a complex function

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21
Q

Organism

A

Multiple organ systems working to perform complex functions

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22
Q

Coronal/ frontal plane

A

Divides into anterior and posterior

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23
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides into left and right

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24
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Divides body into superior and inferior

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25
Q

Medial

A

Middle of structure

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26
Q

Lateral

A

Side of structure

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27
Q

Anterior

A

Front of the body

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28
Q

Posterior

A

Back of the body

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29
Q

Superior

A

Above another structure

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30
Q

Inferior

A

Below another structure

31
Q

Proximal

A

Near the point of attachment

32
Q

Distal

A

Far from the point of attachment

33
Q

Supine

A

Lying on the back

34
Q

Prone

A

Lying on the stomach

35
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface

36
Q

Superficial

A

Close to the surface

37
Q

Abduction

A

Moving away from the midline of structure

38
Q

Adduction

A

Movement towards the midline of structure

39
Q

Inversion

A

Turning inward

40
Q

Eversion

A

Turning outward

41
Q

Palmar

A

Pertaining to palm of hand

42
Q

Plantar

A

Pertaining to sole of feet

43
Q

Visceral

A

Pertaining to viscera or internal organs

44
Q

Parietal

A

Pertaining to the outer wall of a body cavity

45
Q

Body cavities

A

Spaces within the body that hold, protect, separate and support internal organs

46
Q

Two main body cavities

A

Dorsal cavity, Ventral, cavity

47
Q

Abdomin/o

A

Abdomen

48
Q

Pelvic/o

A

Pelvis

49
Q

Four quadrants in Abdominopelvic region

A

Right upper, right lower, left lower, right lower

50
Q

RUQ

A

Right upper quadrant

51
Q

RLQ

A

Right lower quadrant

52
Q

LUQ

A

Left upper quadrant

53
Q

LLQ

A

Left lower quadrant

54
Q

Regions (9) of abdominopelvic area

A

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right inguinal (iliac), hypo gastric, left inguinal (iliac)

55
Q

Regions of the Spine

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

56
Q

Crevice/o

A

Neck

57
Q

Thorac/o

A

Chest

58
Q

Lumb/o

A

Low back

59
Q

Sacr/o

A

Sacrum

60
Q

Coccyg/o

A

Coccyx

61
Q

Adhesion

A

Abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated

62
Q

Edema

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid writhing tissue spaces as a result of systematic disease or failure of the lymphatic system to drain tissue fluid from the cite

63
Q

Febrile

A

Having or showing symptoms of a fever

64
Q

Inflammation

A

Body’s defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat and pain, sometimes with loss of function

65
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to the heart, bowel, lungs with or without a stethoscope to assess the presence and quality of sounds

66
Q

Palpation

A

Gentle application of the hands to a specific structure or body area to determine size, consistency, texture, symmetry, and tenderness of underlying structures

67
Q

Percussion

A

Tapping a body structure with the hand or fingers to assess consistency and the presence or absence of fluids within the underlying structure

68
Q

Tom/o

A

To cut

69
Q

Chromatin

A

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins

70
Q

Chromosome

A

Threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that carries hereditary information encoded in genes

71
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

Molecule that holds genetic information capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides

72
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism

73
Q

Organelle

A

Cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus (reproduction), ribosomes (protein synthesis), Golgi apparatus (removal of material from the cell), and lysosomes (digestion)

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (20 decks)

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