Chapter 4 Body Structure Flashcards by Maija Roybal

Five levels of organization in the body

Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cyt/o

Cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cell

Smallest unit in animals and plants, sustain life

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cell Membrane

Surrounds, protects, regulates what’s passing through cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cytoplasm

Jelly substance in cell with nutrients, proteins, salts, water, dissolved gas. Stays outside of nucleus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nucleus

Determines structure and function of cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nucleus dictates…

Metabolism, growth, and reproduction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the DNA in nuclei form

Chromosomes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

of chromosomes in human body

23 pairs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

of chromosomes in sex cells

23 unpaired

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tissues

Groups of similar cells that perform a specific function

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hits/o

Tissue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Epithelial Tissue

Outer layer of skin, covers the surface of organs, lines cavities and canals, forms tubes and ducts, makes secreting portions of glands

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Connective tissue

Supports and connects other body tissues

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Muscle tissue

Tissue that can contract and creates movement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nervous Tissue

Transmits and relays electrical signals throughout the body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Four types of tissues

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Organs

Two or more tissues working to perform a specific function

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Viscer/o

Internal organs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Body systems

Groups of organs working to perform a complex function

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Organism

Multiple organ systems working to perform complex functions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Coronal/ frontal plane

Divides into anterior and posterior

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sagittal Plane

Divides into left and right

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Transverse Plane

Divides body into superior and inferior

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Medial

Middle of structure

Lateral

Side of structure

Front of the body

Posterior

Back of the body

Superior

Above another structure

Inferior

Below another structure

Proximal

Near the point of attachment

Distal

Far from the point of attachment

Supine

Lying on the back

Prone

Lying on the stomach

Deep

Away from the surface

Superficial

Close to the surface

Abduction

Moving away from the midline of structure

Adduction

Movement towards the midline of structure

Inversion

Turning inward

Eversion

Turning outward

Palmar

Pertaining to palm of hand

Plantar

Pertaining to sole of feet

Visceral

Pertaining to viscera or internal organs

Parietal

Pertaining to the outer wall of a body cavity

Body cavities

Spaces within the body that hold, protect, separate and support internal organs

Two main body cavities

Dorsal cavity, Ventral, cavity

Abdomin/o

Abdomen

Pelvic/o

Pelvis

Four quadrants in Abdominopelvic region

Right upper, right lower, left lower, right lower

RUQ

Right upper quadrant

RLQ

Right lower quadrant

LUQ

Left upper quadrant

LLQ

Left lower quadrant

Regions (9) of abdominopelvic area

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right inguinal (iliac), hypo gastric, left inguinal (iliac)

Regions of the Spine

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Crevice/o

Neck

Thorac/o

Chest

Lumb/o

Low back

Sacr/o

Sacrum

Coccyg/o

Coccyx

Adhesion

Abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated

Edema

Abnormal accumulation of fluid writhing tissue spaces as a result of systematic disease or failure of the lymphatic system to drain tissue fluid from the cite

Febrile

Having or showing symptoms of a fever

Inflammation

Body’s defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat and pain, sometimes with loss of function

Auscultation

Listening to the heart, bowel, lungs with or without a stethoscope to assess the presence and quality of sounds

Palpation

Gentle application of the hands to a specific structure or body area to determine size, consistency, texture, symmetry, and tenderness of underlying structures

Percussion

Tapping a body structure with the hand or fingers to assess consistency and the presence or absence of fluids within the underlying structure

Tom/o

To cut

Chromatin

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins

Chromosome

Threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that carries hereditary information encoded in genes

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Molecule that holds genetic information capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides

Metabolism

Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism

Organelle

Cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus (reproduction), ribosomes (protein synthesis), Golgi apparatus (removal of material from the cell), and lysosomes (digestion)