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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY > Chapter 14 Endocrine > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Endocrine Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Antagonistic

A

Acting in opposition; mutually opposing

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2
Q

Electrolytes

A

Salts and minerals that conduct electrical impulses of the body

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3
Q

Glucagon

A

Hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulates the liver to change stored glycogen (a starch form of sugar) to glucose

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4
Q

Glucose

A

Simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion

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5
Q

Sympathomimetic

A

Agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, the division of the nervous system that increases the “fight or flight” response

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6
Q

Adren/o

A

Adrenal glands

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7
Q

Adrenal/o

A

Adrenal glands

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8
Q

Calc/o

A

Calcium

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9
Q

Crin/o

A

Secrete

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10
Q

Gluc/o

A

Sugar, sweetness

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11
Q

Glyc/o

A

Sugar, sweetness

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12
Q

Glycos/o

A

Sugar, sweetness

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13
Q

Home/o

A

Same, alike

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14
Q

Kal/i

A

Potassium

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15
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

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16
Q

Parathyroid/o

A

Parathyroid glands

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17
Q

Thym/o

A

Thymus gland

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18
Q

Thyr/o

A

Thyroid gland

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19
Q

Thyroid/o

A

Thyroid gland

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20
Q

Toxic/o

A

Poison

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21
Q

-crine

A

Secrete

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22
Q

-dipsia

A

Thirst

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23
Q

-gen

A

Forming, producing, origin

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24
Q

-toxic

A

Pertaining to poison

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25
Q

-uria

A

Urine

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26
Q

Eu-

A

Good

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27
Q

Exo-

A

Outside

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28
Q

Poly-

A

Many

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29
Q

Diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

Disorder characterized by excessive thirst (polydipsia) and excessive urination (polyuria) due to inadequate production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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30
Q

Diuresis

A

Increased formation and secretion of urine

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31
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

Diabetes that develops during pregnancy (gestation)

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32
Q

Growth hormone (GH) disorders

A

Pituitary gland disorder that generally involves a hypersecretion or hyposecretion of GH and commonly results from a pituitary tumor

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33
Q

Acromegaly

A

Hypersecretion of GH in adults, resulting in enlargement of the bones in the extremities and head

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34
Q

Dwarfism

A

Hyposecretion of GH during childhood, resulting in extreme shortness in stature (final height of only 3’ to 4’) but normal body proportions

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35
Q

Giantism

A

Hypersecretion of GH during childhood, resulting in abnormal increase in the length of long bones and extreme height (up to 8’ tall) but with body proportions remaining about normal

36
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women

37
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Condition in which the calcium level in the blood is higher than normal

38
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Condition in which the potassium level in the blood is higher than normal

39
Q

Hypervolemia

A

Abnormal increase in the volume of blood plasma (liquid part of the blood and lymphatic fluid) in the body

40
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Lower-than-normal level of sodium in the blood

41
Q

Insulinoma

A

Tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, causing the excessive production of insulin and leading to hypoglycemia; also called pancreatic tumor

42
Q

Neurofibromatosis (NF)

A

Genetic disorder with multiple benign fibrous tumors that grow anywhere in the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

43
Q

Obesity

A

Abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more of an individuals ideal body weight

44
Q

Panhypopituitarism

A

Total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity

45
Q

Thyroid storm

A

Crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of an increased amount of thyroid hormone; also called thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis

46
Q

Virilism

A

Masculinization of development of male secondary sex characteristics in a woman

47
Q

Exophthalmometry

A

Measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball (exophthalmos) as seen in Graves disease

48
Q

A1c test

A

Blood test used to diagnose and manage type 1 and type 2 diabetes; also called glycated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1c, and HbA1c

49
Q

Fasting blood sugar (FBS)

A

Test that measures glucose levels in the blood sample following a fast of at least 8 hours

50
Q

Glucose tolerance test (GTT)

A

Screening test in which a dose of glucose is administered and blood samples are taken at regular intervals following the dose to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood

51
Q

Insulin tolerance test (ITT)

A

Diagnostic test in which insulin is injected into the vein, causing severe hypoglycemia to assess growth hormone (GH) and cortisol reserve

52
Q

Thyroid function test (TFT)

A

Test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function

53
Q

Total calcium test

A

Test that measures blood calcium levels to detect bone and parathyroid disorders, malabsorption, or an overactive thyroid

54
Q

Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) and scan

A

Nuclear imaging procedure that combines a thyroid scan with a RAIU procedure to evaluate the structure and physiological functioning of the thyroid gland

55
Q

Parathyroidectomy

A

Excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism

56
Q

Thyroidectomy

A

Excision of the entire thyroid gland (thyroidectomy), a part of it (subtotal thyroidectomy), or a single lobe (thyroid lobectomy)

57
Q

Transsphenoidal hypophystectomy

A

Endoscopic surgery to remove a pituitary tumor through an incision in the sphenoid sinus (transsphenoidal) without disturbing brain tissue

58
Q

Insulin injection therapy

A

Lifelong therapy using a fine needle and syringe to inject insulin for controlling type 1 diabetes

59
Q

Insulin pump therapy

A

Treatment for type 1 diabetes that uses a device that continuously delivers insulin through a catheter placed under the skin

60
Q

Antithyroids

A

Treat hyperthyroidism by impeding the formation of T3 and T4 hormone
Methimazole, strong iodine solution

61
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Replace hormones lost in adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease)
Cortisone, hydrocortisone

62
Q

Growth hormone replacements

A

Increase skeletal growth in children and growth hormone deficiencies in adults
Somatropin (recombinant)

63
Q

Insulins

A

Lower blood glucose levels by promoting its entrance into body cells and converting glucose to glycogen (a starch-storage form of glucose)
Regular insulin, insulin aspart, insulin glargine

64
Q

Oral antdiabetics

A

Treat type 2 diabetes mellitus by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin and decrease peripheral resistance to insulin
Glipizide, metformin

65
Q

Thyroid supplements

A

Replace or supplement thyroid hormones
Levothyroxine, liothyronine

66
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic stimulating hormone

67
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone

68
Q

DI

A

Diabetes insipidus

69
Q

DKA

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

70
Q

DM

A

Diabetes mellitus

71
Q

FBS

A

Fasting blood sugar

72
Q

FSH

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

73
Q

GH

A

Growth hormone

74
Q

GTT

A

Glucose tolerance test

75
Q

ITT

A

Insulin tolerance test

76
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing hormone

77
Q

PRL

A

Prolactin

78
Q

PTH

A

Parathyroid hormone; also called parathormone

79
Q

RAI

A

Radioactive iodine

80
Q

RAIU

A

Radioactive iodine uptake

81
Q

SIADH

A

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

82
Q

T3

A

Triiodothyronine (thyroid hormone)

83
Q

T4

A

Thyroxine (thyroid hormone)

84
Q

TFT

A

Thyroid function test

85
Q

TH

A

Thyroid hormone

86
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

87
Q

NF

A

Neurofibromatosis

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (20 decks)

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