Chapter 14 Endocrine Flashcards
1
Q
Antagonistic
A
Acting in opposition; mutually opposing
2
Q
Electrolytes
A
Salts and minerals that conduct electrical impulses of the body
3
Q
Glucagon
A
Hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulates the liver to change stored glycogen (a starch form of sugar) to glucose
4
Q
Glucose
A
Simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion
5
Q
Sympathomimetic
A
Agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, the division of the nervous system that increases the “fight or flight” response
6
Q
Adren/o
A
Adrenal glands
7
Q
Adrenal/o
A
Adrenal glands
8
Q
Calc/o
A
Calcium
9
Q
Crin/o
A
Secrete
10
Q
Gluc/o
A
Sugar, sweetness
11
Q
Glyc/o
A
Sugar, sweetness
12
Q
Glycos/o
A
Sugar, sweetness
13
Q
Home/o
A
Same, alike
14
Q
Kal/i
A
Potassium
15
Q
Pancreat/o
A
Pancreas
16
Q
Parathyroid/o
A
Parathyroid glands
17
Q
Thym/o
A
Thymus gland
18
Q
Thyr/o
A
Thyroid gland
19
Q
Thyroid/o
A
Thyroid gland
20
Q
Toxic/o
A
Poison
21
Q
-crine
A
Secrete
22
Q
-dipsia
A
Thirst
23
Q
-gen
A
Forming, producing, origin
24
Q
-toxic
A
Pertaining to poison
25
-uria
Urine
26
Eu-
Good
27
Exo-
Outside
28
Poly-
Many
29
Diabetes insipidus (DI)
Disorder characterized by excessive thirst (polydipsia) and excessive urination (polyuria) due to inadequate production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
30
Diuresis
Increased formation and secretion of urine
31
Gestational diabetes
Diabetes that develops during pregnancy (gestation)
32
Growth hormone (GH) disorders
Pituitary gland disorder that generally involves a hypersecretion or hyposecretion of GH and commonly results from a pituitary tumor
33
Acromegaly
Hypersecretion of GH in adults, resulting in enlargement of the bones in the extremities and head
34
Dwarfism
Hyposecretion of GH during childhood, resulting in extreme shortness in stature (final height of only 3’ to 4’) but normal body proportions
35
Giantism
Hypersecretion of GH during childhood, resulting in abnormal increase in the length of long bones and extreme height (up to 8’ tall) but with body proportions remaining about normal
36
Hirsutism
Excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women
37
Hypercalcemia
Condition in which the calcium level in the blood is higher than normal
38
Hyperkalemia
Condition in which the potassium level in the blood is higher than normal
39
Hypervolemia
Abnormal increase in the volume of blood plasma (liquid part of the blood and lymphatic fluid) in the body
40
Hyponatremia
Lower-than-normal level of sodium in the blood
41
Insulinoma
Tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, causing the excessive production of insulin and leading to hypoglycemia; also called pancreatic tumor
42
Neurofibromatosis (NF)
Genetic disorder with multiple benign fibrous tumors that grow anywhere in the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
43
Obesity
Abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more of an individuals ideal body weight
44
Panhypopituitarism
Total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity
45
Thyroid storm
Crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of an increased amount of thyroid hormone; also called thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis
46
Virilism
Masculinization of development of male secondary sex characteristics in a woman
47
Exophthalmometry
Measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball (exophthalmos) as seen in Graves disease
48
A1c test
Blood test used to diagnose and manage type 1 and type 2 diabetes; also called glycated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1c, and HbA1c
49
Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Test that measures glucose levels in the blood sample following a fast of at least 8 hours
50
Glucose tolerance test (GTT)
Screening test in which a dose of glucose is administered and blood samples are taken at regular intervals following the dose to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood
51
Insulin tolerance test (ITT)
Diagnostic test in which insulin is injected into the vein, causing severe hypoglycemia to assess growth hormone (GH) and cortisol reserve
52
Thyroid function test (TFT)
Test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function
53
Total calcium test
Test that measures blood calcium levels to detect bone and parathyroid disorders, malabsorption, or an overactive thyroid
54
Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) and scan
Nuclear imaging procedure that combines a thyroid scan with a RAIU procedure to evaluate the structure and physiological functioning of the thyroid gland
55
Parathyroidectomy
Excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism
56
Thyroidectomy
Excision of the entire thyroid gland (thyroidectomy), a part of it (subtotal thyroidectomy), or a single lobe (thyroid lobectomy)
57
Transsphenoidal hypophystectomy
Endoscopic surgery to remove a pituitary tumor through an incision in the sphenoid sinus (transsphenoidal) without disturbing brain tissue
58
Insulin injection therapy
Lifelong therapy using a fine needle and syringe to inject insulin for controlling type 1 diabetes
59
Insulin pump therapy
Treatment for type 1 diabetes that uses a device that continuously delivers insulin through a catheter placed under the skin
60
Antithyroids
Treat hyperthyroidism by impeding the formation of T3 and T4 hormone
Methimazole, strong iodine solution
61
Corticosteroids
Replace hormones lost in adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease)
Cortisone, hydrocortisone
62
Growth hormone replacements
Increase skeletal growth in children and growth hormone deficiencies in adults
Somatropin (recombinant)
63
Insulins
Lower blood glucose levels by promoting its entrance into body cells and converting glucose to glycogen (a starch-storage form of glucose)
Regular insulin, insulin aspart, insulin glargine
64
Oral antdiabetics
Treat type 2 diabetes mellitus by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin and decrease peripheral resistance to insulin
Glipizide, metformin
65
Thyroid supplements
Replace or supplement thyroid hormones
Levothyroxine, liothyronine
66
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic stimulating hormone
67
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone
68
DI
Diabetes insipidus
69
DKA
Diabetic ketoacidosis
70
DM
Diabetes mellitus
71
FBS
Fasting blood sugar
72
FSH
Follicle-stimulating hormone
73
GH
Growth hormone
74
GTT
Glucose tolerance test
75
ITT
Insulin tolerance test
76
LH
Luteinizing hormone
77
PRL
Prolactin
78
PTH
Parathyroid hormone; also called parathormone
79
RAI
Radioactive iodine
80
RAIU
Radioactive iodine uptake
81
SIADH
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
82
T3
Triiodothyronine (thyroid hormone)
83
T4
Thyroxine (thyroid hormone)
84
TFT
Thyroid function test
85
TH
Thyroid hormone
86
TSH
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
87
NF
Neurofibromatosis
