Chapter 10 Musculoskeletal Flashcards
1
Q
Leiomy/o
A
Smooth (visceral) muscle
2
Q
Muscul/o
A
Muscle
3
Q
My/o
A
Muscle
4
Q
Rhabd/o
A
Rod-shaped (striated)
5
Q
Rhabdomy/o
A
Rod-shaped (striated) muscle
6
Q
Brachi/o
A
Arm
7
Q
Carp/o
A
Carpus (wrist bone)
8
Q
Cephal/o
A
Head
9
Q
Cervic/o
A
Neck, cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)
10
Q
Clavicul/o
A
Clavicle (collar bone)
11
Q
Cost/o
A
Ribs
12
Q
Crani/o
A
Cranium (skull)
13
Q
Dactyl/o
A
Fingers, toes
14
Q
Humer/o
A
Humerus (upper arm bone)
15
Q
Metacarp/o
A
Metacarpus (hand bones)
16
Q
Phalang/o
A
Phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes)
17
Q
Radi/o
A
Radiation,x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on the thumb side)
18
Q
Spondyl/o
A
Vertebrae (backbone)
19
Q
Vertebr/o
A
Vertebrae (backbone)
20
Q
Stern/o
A
Sternum (breastbone)
21
Q
Thorac/o
A
Chest
22
Q
Calcane/o
A
Calcaneum (heel bone)
23
Q
Femor/o
A
Femur (thigh bone)
24
Q
Fibul/o
A
Fibula (smaller bone of the lower leg)
25
ili/o
ilium (lateral, flaring portion of the hip bone)
26
ischi/o
ischium (lower portion of the hip bone)
27
Lumb/o
Loins (lower back)
28
Metatars/o
Metatarsus (foot bones)
29
Patell/o
Patellla (kneecap)
30
Pelv/i
Pelvis
31
Pelv/o
Pelvis
32
Pod/o
Foot
33
Pub/o
Pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)
34
Tibi/o
Tibia (larger bone of the lower leg)
35
Pelv/i
Exception to connecting vowel O
36
Ankyl/o
Stiffness; bent, crooked
37
Arthr/o
Joint
38
Chondr/o
Cartilage
39
Fasci/o
Band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)
40
Fibr/o
Fiber, fibrous tissue
41
Kyph/o
Humpback
42
Lamin/o
Lamina (part of vertebral arch)
43
Lord/o
Curve, swayback
44
Myel/o
Bone marrow; spinal cord
45
Orth/o
Straight
46
Oste/o
Bone
47
Ped/o
Foot; child
48
Ped/i
Foot; child
49
Scoli/o
Crooked, bent
50
Synov/o
Synovial membrane, synovial fluid
51
Ten/o
Tendon
52
Tend/o
Tendon
53
Tendin/o
Tendon
54
-asthenia
Weakness, debility
55
-clasia
To break; surgical fracture
56
-clast
To break; surgical fracture
57
-desis
Binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)
58
-malacia
Softening
59
-porosis
Porous
60
-sarcoma
Malignant tumor of connective tissue
61
A-
Without, not
62
Dys-
Bad; painful; difficult
63
Syn-
Union, together, joined
64
Bunion (hallux valgus)
Deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes
65
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
Painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass)
66
Claudication
Lameness, limping
67
Contracture
Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
68
Crepitation
Dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction
69
Ganglion cyst
Fluid-filled tumor that commonly develops along the tendons or joint of the wrists or hands but may also appear in the feet
70
Gout
Joint inflammation caused by uric acid crystal deposits in the joint space
71
Herniated disk
Rupture of a vertebral disk’s center (nucleus pulposus) through its outer edge; causing pain, numbness, or weakness in one or both legs; also called slipped disc or herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)
72
Hypotonia
Loss of muscle tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching
73
Myasthenia gravis
Chronic, progressive disorder characterized by muscle weakness and droopiness, especially in the eyes, face, throat, and limbs
74
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow and the soft tissue that surrounds the bone
75
Osteoporosis
Loss of calcium and bone tissue, causing the bones to become porous, brittle, and easily fractured; most commonly seen in post menopausal women
76
Paget disease
Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting on thickening and softening of bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs, the lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull
77
Phantom limb
Perceived sensation, following amputation, that the limb still exists
78
Rickets
Form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis
79
Spinal curvatures
Any persistent, abnormal deviation of the vertebral column from its normal position that causes an abnormal spinal curvature
80
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, either to the right or the left; also called C-shaped curvature
81
Kyphosis
Abnormal curvature of the upper portion of the spine; also known as humpback or hunchback
82
Lordosis
Abnormal inward curvature of a portion of the lower part of the spine; also known as swayback
83
Spondylolisthesis
Any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it
84
Spondylosis
Degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues
85
Sprain and strain
Overstretching or tearing of ligaments (sprain) or muscle or tendon (strain)
86
Subluxation
Partial or incomplete dislocation of one or more vertebrae
87
Talipes equinovarus
Congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side, also called club foot
88
Arthrography
Series of radiographs taken after injection of a contrast material into a joint cavity, especially the knee or shoulder, to outline the contour of the joint
89
Bone density test (bone densitometry)
Noninvasive procedure that uses low-energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and usually measures bones of the spine, hip, and forearm; also called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
90
Discography
Radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures with injection of a contrast medium
91
Lumbosacral spinal radiography
Radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views of the lower spine
92
Myelography
Radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions
93
Bone scintigraphy
Nuclear medicine procedure that involves intravenous injection of a radionuclide taken up into the bone
94
Amputation
Partial or complete removal of an extremity as a result of disease, trauma, or a circulatory disorder
95
Arthrocentesis
Puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid or inject medications
96
Arthroclasia
Surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement
97
Arthroscopy
Visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope
98
Bone grafting
Implantation or transplantation of bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue
99
Bursectomy
Excision of a bursa (padlike sac or cavity found in connective tissue, usually in the vicinity of joints)
100
Laminectomy
Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra
101
Sequestrectomy
Excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)
102
Total hip replacement (THR)
Surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis
103
Bone immobilization
Procedure used to restrict movement, stabilize and protect a fracture, and facilitate the healing process
104
Casting
Bone immobilization by application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or similar material
105
Splinting
Bone immobilization by application of an orthopedic device to the injured body part
106
Traction
Set of mechanisms for straightening broken bones or relieving pressure on the spine and skeletal system
107
Closed fracture
Bone is broken but no wound in skin
108
Open fracture
Bone breaks through skin
109
Complicated fracture
Extensive soft tissue injury such as a broken rib piercing the lung above
110
Comminuted fracture
Bone is crushed into several pieces
111
Impacted fracture
Broken ends of a bone are forced into one another
112
Incomplete fracture
Line of fracture does not include the whole bone
113
Greenstick fracture
Bone is broken only on one side, commonly occurs most in children because growing bones are soft
114
Colles fracture
Distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand
115
Bone resorption inhibitors
Prevent bone loss and strengthen bone affected by osteoporosis by inhibiting bone resorption and prevent fractures associated with osteoporosis
Alendronate, risedronate
116
Calcium supplements
Treat and prevent hypocalcemia
Calcium carbonate, calcium citrate
117
Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
Slow progression of joint destruction in arthritis by inhibiting a substance that triggers inflammation
Adalimumab, methotrexate
118
Muscle relaxants
Relieve muscle spasms and stiffness
Cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol and aspirin
119
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Decrease pain and suppress inflammation
Ibuprofen, naproxen
120
Salicylates
Relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation
Aspirin, magnesium salicylate
121
Vitamin D analogs
Fat-soluble vitamins that facilitate the absorption and utilization of calcium to improve bone strength and structure
Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), ergocalciferol (vitamin D2)
122
ACL
Anterior cruciate ligament
123
BMD
Bone mineral density
124
C1, C2, and so on
First cervical vertebra, second cervical vertebra, and so on
125
CTS
Carpal tunnel syndrome
126
DEXA, DXA
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
127
DJD
Degenerative joint disease
128
DMARDs
Disease modifying antirheuamtic drugs
129
DO, D.O.
Doctor of osteopathy
130
HNP
Herniated nucleus pulposus (herniated disk)
131
IV
Intravenous
132
L1, L2, and so on
First lumbar vertebra, second lumbar vertebra, and so on
133
MD
Doctor of medicine
134
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
135
NSAIDs
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
136
PCL
Posterior cruciate ligament
137
RA
Rheumatoid arthritis; right atrium
138
THR
Total hip replacement
139
TRAM
Transverse rectum abdominis muscle
