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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY > Chapter 7 Respiratory > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Respiratory Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Nas/o

A

Nose

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2
Q

Rhin/o

A

Nose

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3
Q

Sept/o

A

Septum

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4
Q

Sinus/o

A

Sinus,cavity

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5
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Pharynx (throat)

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6
Q

Adenoid/o

A

Adenoids

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7
Q

Tonsill/o

A

Tonsils

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8
Q

Laryng/o

A

Larynx (voice box)

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9
Q

Trache/o

A

Trachea (windpipe)

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10
Q

Bronchi/o

A

Bronchus (plural bronchi)

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11
Q

Bronch/o

A

Bronchus (plural bronchi)

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12
Q

Bronchiol/o

A

Bronchiole

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13
Q

Alveol/o

A

Alveolus, air sac

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14
Q

Pleur/o

A

Pleura

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15
Q

Pneum/o

A

Air, lung

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16
Q

Pneumon/o

A

Air, lung

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17
Q

Pulmon/o

A

Lung

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18
Q

Anthrac/o

A

Coal, coal dust

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19
Q

Atel/o

A

Incomplete imperfect

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20
Q

Coni/o

A

Dust

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21
Q

Cyan/o

A

Blue

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22
Q

Lob/o

A

Lobe

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23
Q

Orth/o

A

Straight

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24
Q

Ox/o

A

Oxygen (O2)

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25
Q

Pector/o

A

Chest

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26
Q

Steth/o

A

Chest

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27
Q

Thorac/o

A

Chest

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28
Q

Phren/o

A

Diaphragm, mind

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29
Q

Spir/o

A

Breathe

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30
Q

-capnia

A

Carbon dioxide (co2)

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31
Q

-osmia

A

Smell

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32
Q

-phonia

A

Voice

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33
Q

-pnea

A

Breathing

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34
Q

-ptysis

A

Spitting

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35
Q

-thorax

A

Chest

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36
Q

Brady-

A

Slow

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37
Q

Dys-

A

Bad, painful, difficult

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38
Q

Eu-

A

Good normal

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39
Q

Tachy-

A

Rapid

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40
Q

Abnormal breathing sounds

A

Abnormal sound or noises heard over the lungs and airways, commonly leading to a diagnosis of a respiratory or a cardiac condition, called adventitious breathing sounds

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41
Q

Crackle

A

Intermittent sounds caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture filled alveoli, also called rale

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42
Q

Rhonchus

A

Continuous sound heard during inspiration and expiration caused by secretions in the larger airways and commonly resembling snoring

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43
Q

Stridor

A

High-pitched, hard sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway

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44
Q

Wheeze

A

Whistling or sighing that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway

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45
Q

Acidosis

A

Excessive acidity of bodily fluids

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46
Q

Anosmia

A

Absence of the sense of smell

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47
Q

Apnea

A

Disorder in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleep, resulting in blood deoxygenation, causing the patient to awaken, gasping for air, also called sleep apnea

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48
Q

Central sleep apnea (CSA)

A

A form of sleep apnea that occurs when the brain fails to stimulate breathing muscles, causing brief pauses in breathing

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49
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

A

Most common form of sleep apnea caused by an upper airway blockage that prevents an adequate flow of air to the lungs

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50
Q

Mixed sleep apnea

A

Type of sleep apnea that occurs when central sleep apnea and obstructive sleep apnea occur simultaneously

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51
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affects all or part of a lung

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52
Q

Coryza

A

Acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose, also called rhinitis

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53
Q

Croup

A

Common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial passages and sometimes involving the lungs

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54
Q

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

Life threatening genetic disease causing mucous to become unusually thick and sticky, plugging tubes and ducts, specially in the lungs and pancreas

55
Q

Deviated nasal septum

A

Displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils that causes reduced airflow and sometimes causes nosebleed

56
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Severe, life threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children ages 2-12 years

57
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nasal hemorrhage, aka nosebleed

58
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Oxygen deficiency arterial blood, which is usually a sign of respiratory impairment and commonly called hypoxia

59
Q

Hypoxia

A

Oxygen deficiency in the body or a region of the body that commonly causes cyanosis

60
Q

Influenza

A

Acute, contagious viral disorder of the respiratory tract, characterized by weakness, fever, chills, and muscle pain especially in the back, arms, and legs also called the flu

61
Q

Pertussis

A

Acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a characteristic “whoop” sound, also called whooping cough

62
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity that impairs breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs

63
Q

Empyema

A

Exudative effusion characterized by collection of pus in the pleural cavity, commonly as a result of bacterial pneumonia that spreads from the lungs, also called pyothorax

64
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Presence of air in the plural cavity, commonly caused by a blunt or penetrating chest injury or as the result of thoracic surgery

65
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing also called pleuritis

66
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure

67
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (such as blood clot, tissue, air bubbles, and bacteria) that has traveled to the lungs from another part of the body

68
Q

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

Completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal healthy infant, usually less than 12 months also called crib death

69
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A

Potentially fatal contagious disease spread through respiratory droplets, affecting any organ of the body but primarily the lungs and causing chest pain, hemoptysis, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats

70
Q

Mantoux test

A

Tuberculosis screening test in which an injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) is placed just beneath the surface of the skin to identify a previous exposure to tuberculosis

71
Q

Oximetry

A

Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen, also called pulse oximetry

72
Q

Polysomnograohy

A

Test of sleep cycles and stages using electroencephalograms (EEGs) which are continuous recordings of brain waves, as well as electrical activity of muscles, eye movement, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, heart rhythm and sometimes, direct observation of the person during sleep using a video camera

73
Q

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A

Series of tests to aid in the diagnosis of lung diseases and evaluate effectiveness of treatments

74
Q

Spirometry

A

PFT that measures how much and how quickly air moves in and out of the lungs

75
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

Visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope (flexible fiberoptic or rigid) inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of the structures or for projection on a monitor

76
Q

Laryngoscopy

A

Visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities

77
Q

Mediastinoscopy

A

Visual examination of the mediastinal structures including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes

78
Q

Arterial blood gas (ABG)

A

Test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood

79
Q

Sputum culture

A

Microbial test used to identify disease causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonia

80
Q

Sweat test

A

Measurement of the amount of salt (sodium chloride) in sweat

81
Q

Throat culture

A

Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci

82
Q

Chest x-ray (CXR)

A

Radiographic test that aids in identifying lung conditions such as pneumonia, lung cancer, COPD, and pneumothorax

83
Q

Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)

A

Minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries

84
Q

Ventilation-perfusion (V-Q) scan

A

Nuclear test scan that evaluates airflow (ventilation) and blood flow (perfusion) in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs, also called a V-Q lung scan

85
Q

Pleurectomy

A

Excision of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura

86
Q

Pneumonectomy

A

Excision of a lung or a portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer

87
Q

Septoplasty

A

Surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum that is usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures

88
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity, also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis

89
Q

Tracheostomy

A

Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted

90
Q

Aerosol therapy

A

Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways

91
Q

Antral lavage

A

Washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed to respond to medical management

92
Q

Endotracheal intubation

A

Procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway

93
Q

Postural drainage

A

Method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs to make breathing easier

94
Q

Antibiotics

A

Destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria by disrupting their membranes or one or more of their metabolic processes
(Azithromycin, amoxicillin clavulanate)

95
Q

Antihistamines

A

Block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissues
(Fexofenadine, loratadine)

96
Q

Antitussives

A

Relieve or suppress coughing by blocking the cough reflex in the medulla of the brain
(Hydrocodone, dextromethorphan)

97
Q

Bronchodilators

A

Stimulate bronchial muscles to relax, thereby expanding air passages, resulting in increased airflow
(Albuterol, salmeterol, budesonide/formoterol)

98
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Act on the immune system by blocking production of substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory reactions
(Beclomethasone, mometasone)

99
Q

Decongestants

A

Constrict blood vessels of nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen tissues to shrink so that air can pass more freely through the passageways
(Oxymetazoline, pseudoephedrine)

100
Q

Expectorants

A

Liquify respiratory secretions so that they are more easily dislodged during coughing episodes
(Guaifenesin)

101
Q

ABG

A

Arterial blood gases

102
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

103
Q

ARDS

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

104
Q

CF

A

Cystic fibrosis

105
Q

CO2

A

Carbon dioxide

106
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

107
Q

CPAP

A

Continuous positive airway pressure

108
Q

CT

A

Computed tomography

109
Q

CTPA

A

Computed tomography pulmonary angiography

110
Q

CXR

A

Chest x-ray, chest radiograph

111
Q

DPI

A

Dry powder inhaler

112
Q

DPT

A

Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus

113
Q

DVT

A

Deep vein thrombosis

114
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram

115
Q

Hb, Hbg

A

Hemoglobin

116
Q

HMD

A

Hyaline membrane disease

117
Q

MDI

A

Metered-dose inhaler

118
Q

NMT

A

Nebulized mist treatment

119
Q

O2

A

Oxygen

120
Q

OSA

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

121
Q

Pco2

A

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide

122
Q

PCP

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia, primary care physician

123
Q

PFT

A

Pulmonary function test

124
Q

pH

A

Degree of acidity of alkalinity

125
Q

Po2

A

Partial pressure of oxygen

126
Q

PPD

A

Purified protein derivative

127
Q

SIDS

A

Sudden infant death syndrome

128
Q

SOB

A

Shortness of breath

129
Q

TB

A

Tuberculosis

130
Q

URI

A

Upper respiratory infection

131
Q

Carbon dioxide (co2)

A

Tasteless, colorless, odorless gas produced by body cells during metabolism

132
Q

Cartilage

A

Tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligament but less dense than bone

133
Q

Cilia

A

Minute, hairlike structures that extend from the surface of a cell

134
Q

Diffuse

A

To move or spread out a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (20 decks)

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