Chapter 12 Female Reproductive Flashcards
1
Q
External genitalia
A
Sex or reproductive, organs visible on the outside of the body; also called genitals
Female vulva, male penis, scrotum, and testes
2
Q
Gestation
A
Length of time from conception to birth
280 days from last period, less than 36 weeks is premature
3
Q
Lactation
A
Production and release of milk by mammary glands
4
Q
Orifice
A
Mouth; entrance, or outlet of any anatomical structure
5
Q
Amin/o
A
Amnion (amniotic sac)
6
Q
Cervic/o
A
Neck; cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)
7
Q
Colp/o
A
Vagina
8
Q
Vagin/o
A
Vagina
9
Q
Galact/o
A
Milk
10
Q
Lact/o
A
Milk
11
Q
Gynec/o
A
Woman, female
12
Q
Hyster/o
A
Uterus (womb)
13
Q
Metri/o
A
Uterus (womb)
14
Q
Uter/o
A
Uterus (womb)
15
Q
Mamm/o
A
Breast
16
Q
Mast/o
A
Breast
17
Q
Men/o
A
Menses, menstruation
18
Q
Metr/o
A
Uterus (womb), measure
19
Q
Nat/o
A
Birth
20
Q
Oophor/o
A
Ovary
21
Q
Ovari/o
A
Ovary
22
Q
Perine/o
A
Perineum (are between the scrotum [or vulva in the female] and anus)
23
Q
Salping/o
A
Tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)
24
Q
-arche
A
Beginning
25
-cyesis
Pregnancy
26
-gravida
Pregnant woman
27
-para
To bear (offspring)
28
-salpinx
Tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)
29
-tocia
Childbirth, labor
30
-version
Turning
31
Ante-
Before; in front of
32
Dys-
Bad;painful, difficult
33
Endo-
In, within
34
Multi-
Many, much
35
Post-
After
36
Primi-
First
37
Atresia
Congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as the vagina
38
Choriocarcinoma
Malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy
May occur after pregnancy or abortion
39
Dyspareunia
Occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse
40
Endocervicitis
Inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri
41
Menstrual disorders
Abnormal condition in the menstrual cycle; also called dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)
42
Amenorrhea
Absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age
43
Dysmenorrhea
Cramps or painful menstruation
44
Menorrhagia
Abnormally heavy, prolonged menstrual period
45
Metrorrhagia
Irregular uterine bleeding between menstrual periods or after menopause
46
Oligomenorrhea
Abnormally light or infrequent menstrual periods
47
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
Symptoms that occur between ovulation and the onset of menstruation
48
Sterility
Inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnate the female
49
Uterine fibroids
Benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in the uterus also called leiomyomas, myomas, or fibroids
50
Abortion (AB)
Termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is capable of surviving on its own
Spontaneous (miscarriage) health endangered (therapeutic abortion)
51
Abruptio placentae
Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor; also called placental abruption
52
Breech presentation
Common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal buttocks or feet present first rather than the head
53
Down syndrome
Genetic condition in which there is and extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy), altering physical and mental development of the child; also called trisomy 21
54
Eclampsia
Most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy
55
Ectopic pregnancy
Pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum become implanted on any tissue other than the lining of the uterine cavity
56
Placenta previa
Obstetric complication in which the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal and that results in bleeding during labor when the cervix dialates
57
Amniocentesis
Transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance using a needle (with the needle’s position verified by US on a monitor screen) and syringe to remove amniotic fluid
58
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects
59
Colposcopy
Visual examination of the vagina and the cervix with an optical magnifying instrument (colposcope)
60
Cordocentesis
Diagnostic prenatal test in which a sample of the baby’s blood is removed from the umbilical cord for testing; also called Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS)
61
Endometrial biopsy
Removal of a sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study
62
Insufflation
Delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity, chamber, or organ to allow visual examination, remove an obstruction, or apply medication
63
Papanicolaou (pap) test
An exfoliative cytology test detect abnormal cells that are scraped from the cervix, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination
64
Pelvimetry
Measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus will be able to pass through the bony pelvis to allow vagina delivery
65
Hysterosalphingograhy (HSG)
Radiography and usually, fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts) following injection of a contrast medium
66
Mammography
Radiographic examination of the breast to screen for breast cancer
67
Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS)
Ultrasonography of the pelvic area performed with a probe inserted into the vagina, which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within the pelvis
68
Cerclage
Suturing of the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion or preterm birth
69
Cesarean section (C-section)
Incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus
70
Colpocleisis
Surgical closure of the vaginal canal
71
Conization
Excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as mucosa of the cervix, for histological examination
72
Cryosurgery
Process of freezing tissue to destroy cells; also called cryocautery
73
Dilation and curettage (D&C)
Widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette
74
Hysterectomy
Excision of the uterus
75
Subtotal hysterectomy
Hysterectomy in which the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes remain
76
Total hysterectomy
Hysterectomy in which the cervix is removed but the ovaries and fallopian tubes remain; also called complete hysterectomy
77
Total plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
Total (complete) hysterectomy, including removal of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
78
Laparoscopy
Visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus
79
Lumpectomy
Excision of a small primary breast tumor (or “lump”) and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it
80
Mammoplasty
Surgical reconstruction of the breast(s) to change the size, shape, or position
81
Augmentation
Insertion of a breast prosthesis (filled with silicone gel or saline) beneath the skin or beneath the pectoralis major muscle
82
Reduction
Breast reduction to reduce the size of a large, pendulous breast
83
Mastectomy
Removal of the breast
84
Total (simple) mastectomy
Excision of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin
85
Modified radical mastectomy
Excision of the entire breast, including the lymph nodes in the underarm (auxiliary dissection) but with the chest muscles left intact
86
Radical mastectomy
Excision of the entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and the chest wall muscles under the breast
87
Reconstructive breast surgery
Creation of a breast-shaped mound to replace a breast that has been removed as a result of cancer or other disease
88
Tissue (skin) expansion
Common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is then replaced with a more permanent implant
89
Transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap
Surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat rom lower half of the abdomen, which is passed under the skin to the breast area; the abdominal tissue (flap) is then shaped into a natural-looking breast and sutured into place
90
Tubal ligation
Procedure that ties (ligates) the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy
91
Intrauterine device (IUD)
Small, T-shaped device inserted by a physician inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy
92
Antifungals
Treat vagina yeast infection by altering the yeast cell membrane or interfering with a metabolic process
Fluconazole, miconazole
93
Estrogens
Treat symptoms of menopause (hot flashes, vaginal dryness, fatigue) through hormone replacement therapy (HRT); may be given orally or topically; topical use may decrease risks
Conjugated estrogens (oral only), estradiol
94
Oral contraceptives
Synthetic hormones used to prevent pregnancy and treat menstrual disorders
Desogestrel/ethinyl estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, norgestrel
95
Oxytocics
Induce labor at term by increasing the strength and frequency of uterine contractions
Oxytocin
96
Prostaglandins
Terminate pregnancy
Dinoprostone, mifepristone
97
Spermicides
Chemically destroy sperm by creating a highly acidic environment in the uterus
Nonoxynol 9, octoxynol 9
98
AUB
Abnormal uterine bleeding
99
C-section, CS
Caesarean section
100
CVS
Chorionic villus sampling
101
D&C
Dilatation (dilation) and curettage
102
DUB
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
103
GYN
Gynecology
104
HRT
Hormone replacement therapy
105
IUD
Intrauterine device
106
LMP
Last menstrual period
107
OB
Obstetrics
108
OCPs
Oral contraceptive pills
109
Pap
Papanicolaou (test)
110
Para 1,2,3, and so on
Unipara, bipara, tripara (number of viable births)
111
PUBS
Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling
112
PID
Pelvic inflammatory disease
113
STI
Sexually transmitted infection
114
TRAM
Transverse rectus abdominis muscle (flap)
115
TVUS
Transvaginal ultrasonography
