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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY > Chapter 12 Female Reproductive > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Female Reproductive Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

External genitalia

A

Sex or reproductive, organs visible on the outside of the body; also called genitals
Female vulva, male penis, scrotum, and testes

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2
Q

Gestation

A

Length of time from conception to birth
280 days from last period, less than 36 weeks is premature

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3
Q

Lactation

A

Production and release of milk by mammary glands

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4
Q

Orifice

A

Mouth; entrance, or outlet of any anatomical structure

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5
Q

Amin/o

A

Amnion (amniotic sac)

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6
Q

Cervic/o

A

Neck; cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)

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7
Q

Colp/o

A

Vagina

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8
Q

Vagin/o

A

Vagina

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9
Q

Galact/o

A

Milk

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10
Q

Lact/o

A

Milk

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11
Q

Gynec/o

A

Woman, female

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12
Q

Hyster/o

A

Uterus (womb)

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13
Q

Metri/o

A

Uterus (womb)

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14
Q

Uter/o

A

Uterus (womb)

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15
Q

Mamm/o

A

Breast

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16
Q

Mast/o

A

Breast

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17
Q

Men/o

A

Menses, menstruation

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18
Q

Metr/o

A

Uterus (womb), measure

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19
Q

Nat/o

A

Birth

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20
Q

Oophor/o

A

Ovary

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21
Q

Ovari/o

A

Ovary

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22
Q

Perine/o

A

Perineum (are between the scrotum [or vulva in the female] and anus)

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23
Q

Salping/o

A

Tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)

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24
Q

-arche

A

Beginning

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25
Q

-cyesis

A

Pregnancy

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26
Q

-gravida

A

Pregnant woman

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27
Q

-para

A

To bear (offspring)

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28
Q

-salpinx

A

Tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)

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29
Q

-tocia

A

Childbirth, labor

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30
Q

-version

A

Turning

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31
Q

Ante-

A

Before; in front of

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32
Q

Dys-

A

Bad;painful, difficult

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33
Q

Endo-

A

In, within

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34
Q

Multi-

A

Many, much

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35
Q

Post-

A

After

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36
Q

Primi-

A

First

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37
Q

Atresia

A

Congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as the vagina

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38
Q

Choriocarcinoma

A

Malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy
May occur after pregnancy or abortion

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39
Q

Dyspareunia

A

Occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse

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40
Q

Endocervicitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri

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41
Q

Menstrual disorders

A

Abnormal condition in the menstrual cycle; also called dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)

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42
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age

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43
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Cramps or painful menstruation

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44
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Abnormally heavy, prolonged menstrual period

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45
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

Irregular uterine bleeding between menstrual periods or after menopause

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46
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

Abnormally light or infrequent menstrual periods

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47
Q

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

A

Symptoms that occur between ovulation and the onset of menstruation

48
Q

Sterility

A

Inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnate the female

49
Q

Uterine fibroids

A

Benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in the uterus also called leiomyomas, myomas, or fibroids

50
Q

Abortion (AB)

A

Termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is capable of surviving on its own
Spontaneous (miscarriage) health endangered (therapeutic abortion)

51
Q

Abruptio placentae

A

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor; also called placental abruption

52
Q

Breech presentation

A

Common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal buttocks or feet present first rather than the head

53
Q

Down syndrome

A

Genetic condition in which there is and extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy), altering physical and mental development of the child; also called trisomy 21

54
Q

Eclampsia

A

Most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy

55
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum become implanted on any tissue other than the lining of the uterine cavity

56
Q

Placenta previa

A

Obstetric complication in which the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal and that results in bleeding during labor when the cervix dialates

57
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance using a needle (with the needle’s position verified by US on a monitor screen) and syringe to remove amniotic fluid

58
Q

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

A

Sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects

59
Q

Colposcopy

A

Visual examination of the vagina and the cervix with an optical magnifying instrument (colposcope)

60
Q

Cordocentesis

A

Diagnostic prenatal test in which a sample of the baby’s blood is removed from the umbilical cord for testing; also called Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS)

61
Q

Endometrial biopsy

A

Removal of a sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study

62
Q

Insufflation

A

Delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity, chamber, or organ to allow visual examination, remove an obstruction, or apply medication

63
Q

Papanicolaou (pap) test

A

An exfoliative cytology test detect abnormal cells that are scraped from the cervix, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination

64
Q

Pelvimetry

A

Measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus will be able to pass through the bony pelvis to allow vagina delivery

65
Q

Hysterosalphingograhy (HSG)

A

Radiography and usually, fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts) following injection of a contrast medium

66
Q

Mammography

A

Radiographic examination of the breast to screen for breast cancer

67
Q

Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS)

A

Ultrasonography of the pelvic area performed with a probe inserted into the vagina, which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within the pelvis

68
Q

Cerclage

A

Suturing of the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion or preterm birth

69
Q

Cesarean section (C-section)

A

Incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus

70
Q

Colpocleisis

A

Surgical closure of the vaginal canal

71
Q

Conization

A

Excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as mucosa of the cervix, for histological examination

72
Q

Cryosurgery

A

Process of freezing tissue to destroy cells; also called cryocautery

73
Q

Dilation and curettage (D&C)

A

Widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette

74
Q

Hysterectomy

A

Excision of the uterus

75
Q

Subtotal hysterectomy

A

Hysterectomy in which the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes remain

76
Q

Total hysterectomy

A

Hysterectomy in which the cervix is removed but the ovaries and fallopian tubes remain; also called complete hysterectomy

77
Q

Total plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

A

Total (complete) hysterectomy, including removal of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

78
Q

Laparoscopy

A

Visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus

79
Q

Lumpectomy

A

Excision of a small primary breast tumor (or “lump”) and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it

80
Q

Mammoplasty

A

Surgical reconstruction of the breast(s) to change the size, shape, or position

81
Q

Augmentation

A

Insertion of a breast prosthesis (filled with silicone gel or saline) beneath the skin or beneath the pectoralis major muscle

82
Q

Reduction

A

Breast reduction to reduce the size of a large, pendulous breast

83
Q

Mastectomy

A

Removal of the breast

84
Q

Total (simple) mastectomy

A

Excision of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin

85
Q

Modified radical mastectomy

A

Excision of the entire breast, including the lymph nodes in the underarm (auxiliary dissection) but with the chest muscles left intact

86
Q

Radical mastectomy

A

Excision of the entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and the chest wall muscles under the breast

87
Q

Reconstructive breast surgery

A

Creation of a breast-shaped mound to replace a breast that has been removed as a result of cancer or other disease

88
Q

Tissue (skin) expansion

A

Common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is then replaced with a more permanent implant

89
Q

Transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap

A

Surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat rom lower half of the abdomen, which is passed under the skin to the breast area; the abdominal tissue (flap) is then shaped into a natural-looking breast and sutured into place

90
Q

Tubal ligation

A

Procedure that ties (ligates) the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy

91
Q

Intrauterine device (IUD)

A

Small, T-shaped device inserted by a physician inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy

92
Q

Antifungals

A

Treat vagina yeast infection by altering the yeast cell membrane or interfering with a metabolic process
Fluconazole, miconazole

93
Q

Estrogens

A

Treat symptoms of menopause (hot flashes, vaginal dryness, fatigue) through hormone replacement therapy (HRT); may be given orally or topically; topical use may decrease risks
Conjugated estrogens (oral only), estradiol

94
Q

Oral contraceptives

A

Synthetic hormones used to prevent pregnancy and treat menstrual disorders
Desogestrel/ethinyl estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, norgestrel

95
Q

Oxytocics

A

Induce labor at term by increasing the strength and frequency of uterine contractions
Oxytocin

96
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Terminate pregnancy
Dinoprostone, mifepristone

97
Q

Spermicides

A

Chemically destroy sperm by creating a highly acidic environment in the uterus
Nonoxynol 9, octoxynol 9

98
Q

AUB

A

Abnormal uterine bleeding

99
Q

C-section, CS

A

Caesarean section

100
Q

CVS

A

Chorionic villus sampling

101
Q

D&C

A

Dilatation (dilation) and curettage

102
Q

DUB

A

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

103
Q

GYN

A

Gynecology

104
Q

HRT

A

Hormone replacement therapy

105
Q

IUD

A

Intrauterine device

106
Q

LMP

A

Last menstrual period

107
Q

OB

A

Obstetrics

108
Q

OCPs

A

Oral contraceptive pills

109
Q

Pap

A

Papanicolaou (test)

110
Q

Para 1,2,3, and so on

A

Unipara, bipara, tripara (number of viable births)

111
Q

PUBS

A

Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling

112
Q

PID

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

113
Q

STI

A

Sexually transmitted infection

114
Q

TRAM

A

Transverse rectus abdominis muscle (flap)

115
Q

TVUS

A

Transvaginal ultrasonography

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (20 decks)

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