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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY > Chapter 6 Digestive > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Digestive Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Or/o

A

Mouth

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2
Q

Stomat/o

A

Mouth

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3
Q

Gloss/o

A

Tongue

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4
Q

Lingu/o

A

Tongue

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5
Q

Bucc/o

A

Cheek

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6
Q

Cheil/o

A

Lip

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7
Q

Labi/o

A

Lip

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8
Q

Dent/o

A

Teeth

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9
Q

Odont/o

A

Teeth

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10
Q

Gingiv/o

A

Gums

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11
Q

Sial/o

A

Saliva, salivary glands

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12
Q

Esophag/o

A

Esophagus

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13
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Pharynx (throat)

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14
Q

Gastr/o

A

Stomach

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15
Q

Pylor/o

A

Pylorus

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16
Q

Duoden/o

A

Duodenum (first part of small intestine, 10 inches approx.)

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17
Q

Enter/o

A

Intestine (usually small intestine)

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18
Q

Jejun/o

A

Jejunum (second part of small intestine, 8 ft approx.)

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19
Q

ile/o

A

ileum (third part of small intestine, approx 12 ft long)

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20
Q

Append/o

A

Appendix

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21
Q

Appendic/o

A

Appendix

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22
Q

Col/o

A

Colon

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23
Q

Colon/o

A

Colon

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24
Q

Sigmoid/o

A

Sigmoid colon

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25
Q

Rect/o

A

Rectum

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26
Q

Proct/o

A

Anus, rectum

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27
Q

An/o

A

Anus

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28
Q

Hepat/o

A

Liver

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29
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

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30
Q

Cholangi/o

A

Bile vessel

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31
Q

Chol/e

A

Bile, gall

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32
Q

Cholecyst/o

A

Gallbladder

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33
Q

Choledoch/o

A

Bile duct

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34
Q

-emesis

A

Vomit

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35
Q

-iasis

A

Abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

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36
Q

-megaly

A

Enlargement

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37
Q

-orexia

A

Appetite

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38
Q

-pepsia

A

Digestion

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39
Q

-phagia

A

Swallowing, eating

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40
Q

-prandial

A

Meal

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41
Q

-rrhea

A

Discharge, flow

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42
Q

Dia-

A

Through, across

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43
Q

Peri-

A

Around

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44
Q

Sub-

A

Under, below

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45
Q

Anorexia

A

Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

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46
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix, usually caused by obstruction or infection

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47
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, usually as a result of chronic liver disease, a neoplasm, or an inflammatory disorder in the abdomen

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48
Q

Borborygmus

A

Rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

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49
Q

Cachexia

A

Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer, also called wasting syndrome

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50
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder

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51
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease

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52
Q

Crohn disease

A

Form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract, also called regional enteritis

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53
Q

Dysentery

A

Inflammation of the intestine especially the colon, that way be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea

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54
Q

Flatus

A

Gas in the gi tract, expelling of air from a body orifice especially the anus

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55
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

Backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus

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56
Q

Halitosis

A

Foul smelling breath

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57
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

58
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Swollen or varicose veins in the anorectal region categorized as internal or external

59
Q

Intestinal obstruction

A

Mechanical or functional blockage of the intestines that occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal tract because of a partial or complete blockage of the bowel

60
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

Symptom complex marked by abnormal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined also called spastic colon

61
Q

Malabsorption syndrome

A

Symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph

62
Q

Melena

A

Dark, tarlike feces that contain digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach

63
Q

Obesity

A

Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above the ideal body weigth

64
Q

Morbid obesity

A

Obesity in which the body mass index (BMI) is greater than 40, and generally 100lb or more over the ideal body weight

65
Q

Obstipation

A

Severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction

66
Q

Oral leukoplakia

A

Formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or check primarily caused by irritation

67
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

68
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

Stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter (circular muscle of the pylorus) at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine

69
Q

Regurgitation

A

A backward flow, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach

70
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, commonly beginning in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extending upward into the entire colon

71
Q

Gastrointestinal endoscopy

A

Visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using a flexible fiberoptic instrument with a magnifying lens and a light source (endoscope) to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations and tumors

72
Q

Hepatitis panel

A

Panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis b (HBV), or hepatitis C (HCV) that is causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens

73
Q

Liver function tests (LFT)

A

Group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions commonly associated with the biliary tract

74
Q

Serum bilirubin

A

Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood

75
Q

Stool culture

A

Test that applies a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of hidden (occult) blood in the feces, also called hemoccult

76
Q

Computed tomography (CT)

A

Imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of the transmitted rays from different angles

77
Q

Lower gastrointestinal series

A

Radiographic images of the rectum and colon following administration of the barium into the rectum, also called lower gi series or barium enema

78
Q

Oral cholecystography (OCG)

A

Radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet

79
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

Technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multi planar, cross sectional views of soft tissues

80
Q

Magnetic resonance colangiopancreatography (MRCP)

A

Special MRI technique that produces detailed images of the hepatobiliary and pancreatic systems including the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, and pancreatic duct

81
Q

Abdominal sonography

A

Ultrasound visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder

82
Q

Endoscopic sonography

A

Combination of endoscopy and ultrasound that examines and obtains images of the digestive tract and the surrounding tissues and organs

83
Q

Upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS)

A

Radiographic images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium, also called barium swallow

84
Q

Anastomosis

A

Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

85
Q

Ileorectal anastomosis

A

Surgical connection of the ilium and rectum after total colostomy, as is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis

86
Q

Intestinal anastomosis

A

Surgical connection of two portions of the intestine

87
Q

Appendectomy

A

Excision of a diseased appendix using an open or laparoscopic procedure

88
Q

Open appendectomy

A

Excision of a diseased appendix through a 2 to 3 cm incision in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen

89
Q

Laparoscopic appendectomy

A

Minimally invasive appendectomy using three small abdominal incisions while monitoring an enlarged image of the surgical site projected on a monitor

90
Q

Bariatric surgery

A

Group of procedures that treat morbid obesity, a condition that arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the resultant health problems

91
Q

Vertical banded gastroplasty

A

Bariatric surgery that involves vertical stapling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and insertion of a band restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch causing a feeling of fullness

92
Q

Roux-en-y gastric bypass (RGB)

A

Bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to decrease its size and then shortening the jenjunum and connecting it to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine thus reducing absorption of calories and fats, also called gastric bypass with gastroenterostomy

93
Q

Colostomy

A

Surgical procedure in which a surgeon forms an opening (stoma) by drawing the healthy end of the colon through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall and suturing it in place

94
Q

Lithotripsy

A

Procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or though ultrasonic shock waves

95
Q

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

Use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts

96
Q

Paracentesis

A

Procedure to removed fluid from the abdomen using a long, thin needle inserted through the belly, also called abdominocentesis

97
Q

Polypectomy

A

Excision of a polyp

98
Q

Nasogastric intubation

A

Insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric digestion by removing gas, food, or gastric secretions, instill medication, food, fluids, or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis

99
Q

Antacids

A

Counteract or neutralize acidity, usually in the stomach

100
Q

Antidiarrheals

A

Control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract

101
Q

Antiemetics

A

Control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain

102
Q

Antispasmodics

A

Decrease gastrointestinal (GI) spasms by slowing peristalsis and motility throughout the GI tract

103
Q

Histamine-2 blockers (h2)

A

Inhibit secretion of stomach acid from the gastric cells by blocking the h2 receptor

104
Q

Laxatives

A

Treat constipation by increasing peristaltic activity in the large intestine or increasing water and electrolyte secretion into the bowel to induce defecation

105
Q

Proton pump inhibitors

A

Suppress basal and stimulated acid production by inhibiting the acid pump in the gastric cells

106
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

107
Q

Ba

A

Barium

108
Q

BaE, BE

A

Barium enema

109
Q

BM

A

Bowel movement

110
Q

BMI

A

Body mass index

111
Q

CT

A

Computed tomography

112
Q

EGD

A

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

113
Q

ESWL

A

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

114
Q

EUS

A

Endoscopic ultrasonography (x-ray studies)

115
Q

GBS

A

Gallbladder series

116
Q

GER

A

Gastroesophageal reflux

117
Q

GERD

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

118
Q

GI

A

Gastrointestinal

119
Q

HAV

A

Hepatitis A virus

120
Q

HBV

A

Hepatitis B virus

121
Q

HCV

A

Hepatitis C virus

122
Q

HDV

A

Hepatitis D virus

123
Q

HEV

A

Hepatitis E virus

124
Q

IBS

A

Irritable bowel syndrome

125
Q

LFT

A

Liver function test

126
Q

MRCP

A

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

127
Q

NG

A

Nasogastric

128
Q

NSAID

A

Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

129
Q

OCG

A

Oral cholecystography

130
Q

PE

A

Physical examination, pulmonary embolism, pressure-equalizing (tube)

131
Q

PUD

A

Peptic ulcer disease

132
Q

R/O

A

Rule out

133
Q

RGB

A

Roux-en-y gastric bypass

134
Q

UGIS

A

Upper gastrointestinal series

135
Q

US

A

Ultrasound, ultrasonography

136
Q

Lith/o

A

Stone,calculus

137
Q

Bilirubin

A

Orange-yellow pigment formed during destruction of electrolytes that is taken up by liver cells and eventually excreted in the feces

138
Q

Bolus

A

Mass of masticated food ready for swallowing

139
Q

Exocrine

A

Type of gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel

140
Q

Sphincter

A

Circular band of muscular fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body

141
Q

Triglycerides

A

Organic compound, a true fat, that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (20 decks)

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