Chapter 6 Digestive Flashcards
1
Q
Or/o
A
Mouth
2
Q
Stomat/o
A
Mouth
3
Q
Gloss/o
A
Tongue
4
Q
Lingu/o
A
Tongue
5
Q
Bucc/o
A
Cheek
6
Q
Cheil/o
A
Lip
7
Q
Labi/o
A
Lip
8
Q
Dent/o
A
Teeth
9
Q
Odont/o
A
Teeth
10
Q
Gingiv/o
A
Gums
11
Q
Sial/o
A
Saliva, salivary glands
12
Q
Esophag/o
A
Esophagus
13
Q
Pharyng/o
A
Pharynx (throat)
14
Q
Gastr/o
A
Stomach
15
Q
Pylor/o
A
Pylorus
16
Q
Duoden/o
A
Duodenum (first part of small intestine, 10 inches approx.)
17
Q
Enter/o
A
Intestine (usually small intestine)
18
Q
Jejun/o
A
Jejunum (second part of small intestine, 8 ft approx.)
19
Q
ile/o
A
ileum (third part of small intestine, approx 12 ft long)
20
Q
Append/o
A
Appendix
21
Q
Appendic/o
A
Appendix
22
Q
Col/o
A
Colon
23
Q
Colon/o
A
Colon
24
Q
Sigmoid/o
A
Sigmoid colon
25
Rect/o
Rectum
26
Proct/o
Anus, rectum
27
An/o
Anus
28
Hepat/o
Liver
29
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
30
Cholangi/o
Bile vessel
31
Chol/e
Bile, gall
32
Cholecyst/o
Gallbladder
33
Choledoch/o
Bile duct
34
-emesis
Vomit
35
-iasis
Abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
36
-megaly
Enlargement
37
-orexia
Appetite
38
-pepsia
Digestion
39
-phagia
Swallowing, eating
40
-prandial
Meal
41
-rrhea
Discharge, flow
42
Dia-
Through, across
43
Peri-
Around
44
Sub-
Under, below
45
Anorexia
Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat
46
Appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix, usually caused by obstruction or infection
47
Ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, usually as a result of chronic liver disease, a neoplasm, or an inflammatory disorder in the abdomen
48
Borborygmus
Rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine
49
Cachexia
Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer, also called wasting syndrome
50
Cholelithiasis
Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder
51
Cirrhosis
Scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease
52
Crohn disease
Form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract, also called regional enteritis
53
Dysentery
Inflammation of the intestine especially the colon, that way be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea
54
Flatus
Gas in the gi tract, expelling of air from a body orifice especially the anus
55
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus
56
Halitosis
Foul smelling breath
57
Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus
58
Hemorrhoids
Swollen or varicose veins in the anorectal region categorized as internal or external
59
Intestinal obstruction
Mechanical or functional blockage of the intestines that occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal tract because of a partial or complete blockage of the bowel
60
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Symptom complex marked by abnormal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined also called spastic colon
61
Malabsorption syndrome
Symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph
62
Melena
Dark, tarlike feces that contain digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach
63
Obesity
Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above the ideal body weigth
64
Morbid obesity
Obesity in which the body mass index (BMI) is greater than 40, and generally 100lb or more over the ideal body weight
65
Obstipation
Severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction
66
Oral leukoplakia
Formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or check primarily caused by irritation
67
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
68
Pyloric stenosis
Stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter (circular muscle of the pylorus) at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine
69
Regurgitation
A backward flow, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach
70
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, commonly beginning in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extending upward into the entire colon
71
Gastrointestinal endoscopy
Visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using a flexible fiberoptic instrument with a magnifying lens and a light source (endoscope) to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations and tumors
72
Hepatitis panel
Panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis b (HBV), or hepatitis C (HCV) that is causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens
73
Liver function tests (LFT)
Group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions commonly associated with the biliary tract
74
Serum bilirubin
Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
75
Stool culture
Test that applies a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of hidden (occult) blood in the feces, also called hemoccult
76
Computed tomography (CT)
Imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of the transmitted rays from different angles
77
Lower gastrointestinal series
Radiographic images of the rectum and colon following administration of the barium into the rectum, also called lower gi series or barium enema
78
Oral cholecystography (OCG)
Radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet
79
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multi planar, cross sectional views of soft tissues
80
Magnetic resonance colangiopancreatography (MRCP)
Special MRI technique that produces detailed images of the hepatobiliary and pancreatic systems including the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, and pancreatic duct
81
Abdominal sonography
Ultrasound visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder
82
Endoscopic sonography
Combination of endoscopy and ultrasound that examines and obtains images of the digestive tract and the surrounding tissues and organs
83
Upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS)
Radiographic images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium, also called barium swallow
84
Anastomosis
Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
85
Ileorectal anastomosis
Surgical connection of the ilium and rectum after total colostomy, as is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
86
Intestinal anastomosis
Surgical connection of two portions of the intestine
87
Appendectomy
Excision of a diseased appendix using an open or laparoscopic procedure
88
Open appendectomy
Excision of a diseased appendix through a 2 to 3 cm incision in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen
89
Laparoscopic appendectomy
Minimally invasive appendectomy using three small abdominal incisions while monitoring an enlarged image of the surgical site projected on a monitor
90
Bariatric surgery
Group of procedures that treat morbid obesity, a condition that arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the resultant health problems
91
Vertical banded gastroplasty
Bariatric surgery that involves vertical stapling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and insertion of a band restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch causing a feeling of fullness
92
Roux-en-y gastric bypass (RGB)
Bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to decrease its size and then shortening the jenjunum and connecting it to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine thus reducing absorption of calories and fats, also called gastric bypass with gastroenterostomy
93
Colostomy
Surgical procedure in which a surgeon forms an opening (stoma) by drawing the healthy end of the colon through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall and suturing it in place
94
Lithotripsy
Procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or though ultrasonic shock waves
95
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
Use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts
96
Paracentesis
Procedure to removed fluid from the abdomen using a long, thin needle inserted through the belly, also called abdominocentesis
97
Polypectomy
Excision of a polyp
98
Nasogastric intubation
Insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric digestion by removing gas, food, or gastric secretions, instill medication, food, fluids, or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis
99
Antacids
Counteract or neutralize acidity, usually in the stomach
100
Antidiarrheals
Control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract
101
Antiemetics
Control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain
102
Antispasmodics
Decrease gastrointestinal (GI) spasms by slowing peristalsis and motility throughout the GI tract
103
Histamine-2 blockers (h2)
Inhibit secretion of stomach acid from the gastric cells by blocking the h2 receptor
104
Laxatives
Treat constipation by increasing peristaltic activity in the large intestine or increasing water and electrolyte secretion into the bowel to induce defecation
105
Proton pump inhibitors
Suppress basal and stimulated acid production by inhibiting the acid pump in the gastric cells
106
AIDS
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
107
Ba
Barium
108
BaE, BE
Barium enema
109
BM
Bowel movement
110
BMI
Body mass index
111
CT
Computed tomography
112
EGD
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
113
ESWL
Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
114
EUS
Endoscopic ultrasonography (x-ray studies)
115
GBS
Gallbladder series
116
GER
Gastroesophageal reflux
117
GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
118
GI
Gastrointestinal
119
HAV
Hepatitis A virus
120
HBV
Hepatitis B virus
121
HCV
Hepatitis C virus
122
HDV
Hepatitis D virus
123
HEV
Hepatitis E virus
124
IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome
125
LFT
Liver function test
126
MRCP
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
127
NG
Nasogastric
128
NSAID
Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
129
OCG
Oral cholecystography
130
PE
Physical examination, pulmonary embolism, pressure-equalizing (tube)
131
PUD
Peptic ulcer disease
132
R/O
Rule out
133
RGB
Roux-en-y gastric bypass
134
UGIS
Upper gastrointestinal series
135
US
Ultrasound, ultrasonography
136
Lith/o
Stone,calculus
137
Bilirubin
Orange-yellow pigment formed during destruction of electrolytes that is taken up by liver cells and eventually excreted in the feces
138
Bolus
Mass of masticated food ready for swallowing
139
Exocrine
Type of gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel
140
Sphincter
Circular band of muscular fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body
141
Triglycerides
Organic compound, a true fat, that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids
