pharma Flashcards
gabapentin
1.Anitepileptic
2. neuropathic pain
side effects of statins
LIPiTOR
Liver
increased blood sugar
pain (muscles)
impaired memory
tireness
rhabdomyalsis
what are neuroleptics
another name for antipsychotics
alpha blockers
relax the walls of blood vessels (used in hypertension)
also used in BPH to relax the bladder
doxazosin
alpha blcoker
- bph
-hypertension
amytryptaline and side effects
class
- pain
- migraine prophylaxis
- depression
can make you feel sleepy
TCA- so reputakes seratonin and noradrenaline
no longer 1st line for depression because more risks if overdose expcept if there is sever depression
TCA
- dry mouth
- constipation
- problems vision
- -drowsiness -
- excessive sweating esp at night
- weight gain
- palpitations, tachy
antimuscurunics are
side effects
drugs against the parasympathetic nervous sytstem
dry mouth
blurry vission
tachy
urinary retention
why is Seratonin syndrome so dangerouse
due to hyperthemia leading to multiorgan failure
side effects of opiods
- constipation
- vomitting
- itchiness
cocaine effects
hypertension
hyperthemia
myadriasis
tachy - arrythmias
sweating
increased foro stroke(hemorrhagic)
NOSEBLEEDS - vasoconstirctss vessels of nose
dosage of normal paracetomol max
500mg (8x)
1 gram (4 x)
CI for metfromin
kindey/liver impairment
side effecst of metformin
tummy upset, vomiting, diarrhea
metallic
b12 deficiency - paraesthesia, cramps
lactic acidosis! glossy big tongue, ulcers
main problem with a paracetomol overdose
liver failure due to NAPQI
zoplicone info
for insomnia
short term (2-4 weeks) cos looses effect and can become tolerant
bitter taste in mouth/metalic/dry ,outh
sleepy through day
cant take with alcohol because makes you in a deeep sleep
buscopan
spasmolyic
decreases pain
abdo paain- stomach cramps
common for IBS AND CHOLECYSTIS
clonidine
vasodilator
- hypertension
- migraine prevention
- menopause (treat hot flashes)
TXA
used for heavy bleeding
inidcations
nosebleeds, heavy periods , if you have heridary angioedema
BB SIDE EFFECTS
- hypotension too much
- nightmares
- bronchoconstriction (narrowing of bronchi )
- cold hands and feet
- loss of libido/impotence
flecainide
used in tachy to bring down HR
WHATS TO BE MINDFUL OFF WHEN TAKING WARFARIN
- taking cranberry juice and grapefruit juice (increases the amount of the drug as it inhibits the cytochrome)
- alcohol ( be minful)
amiodarone indications
SIDE EFFECT
- used in arrythmias like AF
class 3
:(
. pulmonary fibrosis
gum problems
corneal deposits
photosensitive skin
blue/grey skin
whats the cut off point for weight in paracetomol
51 kg
used when you want to presribe IV paracetool
how long do you wait to take paractol dose
minimum 4 h
signs of paracetol overdoese
liver : jaundice, abdo pain
n+v
can sometimes affect the kidneys too, usually at the samem time as liver if its to happen and cause hematuria, proteinuria. liver problems happen first and its quite uncommon but can progress to kidney too.
metabolic acidosis
can cause low blood sugar (which can cause sweatinf as a sign) remeber a normal side effect of paracteomol is sweating as it overstimulate sthe sweat glands
is aspirin an ndais
how does it work
yes its a tpe
antiplatelet
side effect of aspirin
can sometimes cause wheezing in people with asthma (nsaid)
bleeding
indigestion
reyes syndrome
so you always ask a person if they have asthma and if they have ulcers!! NB
examples of antiplatelets
aspirin
ticagrelor
prasugrel
clopidogrel
Carbimaxole and something important about it
Treats hyperthyroidism
Can cause bm suppression
Side effects of steroids
- Bruising
- Stria
- Moon face and buffalo
- Psychiatric / depression,anxiety
- Osteoporosis
6..hyperglycaemia - Hypertension
- Retardation of growth in kids
- Immunosuppressive
- Cataracts and glaucoma
- Hiritusim
- Ulcers (if taking withnsaids )
- Obsesity central
Feleicaniade
Antiarrythmic drug used in a fib
Acetazolamide
- Used in glaucoma
- Diuretic
Topimerate
- Anti epileptic
- Migraines prophylactic
CI for triptans
Anything affecting vessels
cardiovascular
History of stroke
PVD
Rauymaurds
Uncontrolled hypertension
Management of an acute migraine
Tripton, with a painkiller, such as paracetamol or NAD because Tripton on painkillers in themselves, they just helped to widen the blood vessels
What is the medical prophylaxis for a migraine?
1st line - bb propanol or amitriptiline
or topimerate (child bearing ages women )/valproate
What is the medical prophylaxis for a migraine?
1st line - bb propanol or amitriptiline
or topimerate (child bearing ages women )/valproate
Meds for back pain
NSAIDs like diclofenac
Muscle relaxants like diazepam (benzo)
Severe- opioids like coeidene and morphine
Antidepressants for nerve pain like sciatica amitryptilane/gabapaentin
Steroid injections
Topical
Voltarol (is a nsaid )
Lidocaine bridges
Can you take paracetamol and ibuprofen together
Yes
flumazenil
benzo antidote
examples of antiemetics
cycalizne
domperidone
metoclopramide
haloperidol
antipsychotic
moa of digoxin
CI
inhibits na K pump so now sodium and calcium increases intracellularly and potassium extracellularly
because ca increases that increases contractility
VF AND acute MI
Theurepetuic range digoxin
narrow so that why we moniot levels
- electrolytes - kidney function
side effects of digoxin
rash
dizziness (as it does lower hr and bp)
gi upset
vison problems
can worsen the arrythmia
we take the side effecs very seriously as its a potent drug
digoxin toxicity
risk factors
basically the same side effects as normal digoxin which is why we take any side effect serioulsy as we have to ascertain. l
so naseau, rash, bradccardia
HYPO kalemia increases risk of toxcity
decreased kidney function so elderly (100 percent excreted by kidney)
is aspirin a blood thinner
no
bleeding risk between antiplatelets and DOACS
antiplatelts pose less of a risk than doacs however GI bleeing is increased (ulcers bleeding)
aspirin vs doacs vs
aspirin is less effctive in preventing clots forming DOACS MORE EFFECTIVE
need to revise more consfued
when we talk about bleeding risk with blood thinners what do we actually mean
primarily its the brain and the GUT
BB CI
HYPOTENSION
BRADYCARDIA
HERART FAILURE - depends? (decompensated)
PVD (makes it worse)
Asthma/copd
flecanide whats its used for
AF anti arrythmics but NB only used with structural nomral hearts
tramadol
is an opiod
and a SNRI (so risk of seratonin syndrome)
drug interactions statins
macrolides can react increaeing the risk of rhabdomyalis
indications for benzoz
- status epilepticus
- relax muscles
- aneatheisa (depresses your consciousness, relax your muscles and also cause ammensia
- stiff person syndrome (relaxes muscles)
- alcohol withdrawl or benzo widthrawal
- insomia
what drug is often used to calm somone down if delerius agitated
haloperidol
benzos
side effects of parkinosn drugs
LEVADOPA- tardive dyskinesis
dopamine agonists, cabergoline eg. can casue impulsivity like gambling, shopping, foods
relationship between dopamine and prolcatin
dopamine is inhibitory on prolcatine so low levels can cause galactorrhea
what kind of drugs are used in parkinsons
- dopamine agonists
- MAO - stop the breakdonw of the dopamine
- anticholinergics
what drugs to calm somoene down is CI in parkinsons
haloperidol as it increases the effects of parkinonism
what antiemetic can we give in PD
domperidone
suddenly stopping PD drugs risks what
NEUROLEPTIC MALIGANNT SYDROME
- usually caused by anitspyhcotics (increasing the amount of dopamine)
but if you suddenly stop levodopa or dopamine agonists can also trugger
what drug do we give for an acute attack of GCA
60 mg pred
taper off very very slowly usally over 1/2 years as relapses can occur
What is an appropriate action with regards to the dose of Prednisolone in the context of a co-existent infection during the tapering regime?
in co-existing infections, the steroid dose should be either maintained or increased until the infection is cleared before resuming the tapering down regime.
aspirin moa vs anitplatelets
aspirin- blocks COX 1 - reduces thromoxane A2 needed for aggegation
others - stop adp from binding
unfractionated heparin vs LMWH
both antocoagulants
- LMWH - usually sub cut, lower bleeding risk, still sucess but not as well
- UH usually iV , higher bleeding risk, much more sucess in reversal with protmaine sulphate
what is the antidote of heparine
protamine sulphate
before starting somoen on anticoagulants whats important to do
do basic bloods like clotting (blue bottle) to see if any problems
examples of doacs
apixiban rivoroxiban
