electrolytes Flashcards
hypomagnesia
causes arrythmias icn risk of torsdade de pointes
neurological symptoms
more excitable nervous system as calcium
what do we give in hyper magnesium
ca gluconate
whats included in a bone profile l
ca
phosphate
ALP
albumin
tx for hypocalcemia
aggressive fluid resuscitation and if refractory then biphosphanates
why would yo order a bone profile test
if you suspect bony pathology
osteoporosis
osteomalacia
pagets disease
metastasis
primary hyperparathyroid
Primary hyperparathyroidism is when there’s a problem within the parathyroid gland itself, usually a benign (non-cancerous) tumour of the gland.
secondary hyperpathyroidism
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is when the glands are fine but a condition, like kidney failure, lowers calcium levels and causes the body to react by producing extra parathyroid hormone.
tertiary hyperparathyroidism
ertiary hyperparathyroidism is when long-standing secondary hyperparathyroidism starts to behave like primary hyperparathyroidism. often associated with kidney failure
whats an important complication of hypercalcemia
pancreatitis (qute rare and the mechanism is not well understaoon)
symproms of hyper calcemia
stones : kidney damage
bones -pathological fractures
psychiatric moans- mood
groans - kidney stones, pancreatitis and constipation
hypocalcemia signs and treatment
muscle weakness/cramps
tetany
perioral anesthesia
orally like calcichew
iv - calcium gluconate
ALP marker is a sign of
cholestasis or bone disease or liver
so how would you tell the difference between cholsetatis or bone disease in reference to ALP
do a GGT, if thats raise most likely liver
An ALP rise with normal GGT suggests increased bone turnover
An ALP rise with associated GGT rise is more suggestive of cholestasis
causes of isolated ALP (normal GGT)
healing bone fracturs
pagets disease
metasisis
