neurodegenerative

Question 1

whats the main criteria for PD

Answer 1

bradykinesia-you must have

Question 2

how would you test Parkinson’s clinically

Answer 2

Bradykinesia
1. asking them to perform movements like thmb to indiex, open fist close fist, toe tap ,
tell them to get them as FAST and as high as you can to notice the difference

2. glabellar
3. Gait - walking
   small shuffles, loss of arm swing

pull test - correcting themselves in 1/ 2 movements

3. standing up from a chair without using arms as support, cross arms to chest
4. Tone for rigidly ( remember if taking meds, it could mask it)
   so you can do activation manouveres ]passve mmovement of neck
5. tremors
   usually starts on one side and then as it progrisively to other side
   most common is resting tremor
   can notice it by asking patient to outstretch arms in front of them with fingers spread wide

finger to nose (this is not ataxia so doesnt have to be as as fast and you can keep your finger in place and not move it in space, must be slow enough to observe the tremor if too fast you can miss it

Question 3

pneumonic for PD

Answer 3

TRAP
tremor
rigidity
akinesia
postural hypotension

Question 4

prayer sign

Answer 4

fingers wont be able to be striaght due to flexion contrcatures

Question 5

L’hermitte sign

Answer 5

seen in MS
painful for some and other just feels like elctic shocks, spread down neck to spine and sometimes arms /legs

Question 6

tx OF MS FLAR

Answer 6

cs

Question 7

definitive diagnose fo MS

Answer 7

oligo clonal bands in csf
white matter lesions in MRI

Question 8

mcdonals criteria is for

Answer 8

MS