cardio

Question 1

markers for alchol in bloods

Answer 1

ALT
AST
GGT
high MCV

Question 2

WHAT CAN CAUSE AF

Answer 2

infections
electolyte distrubances
ischemic heart disease
hypertension

Question 3

a person who has chronic AF Rate control

Answer 3

1. bisoprolol
2. ca 2+ blocker - diltiziam

Question 4

how do we achieve rythm control

Answer 4

caridioversion
amiodorine or flecainide sotolol

Question 5

someone who has heart failure and A FIB first line

Answer 5

digoxin

Question 6

fleicanide vs amidiorone

Answer 6

fleic :
younger pts with structurally normal hearts

amiodorone
bare side effects so older pts

Question 7

whats the score for a fib

Answer 7

chadvasc

Question 8

what does c in chadvasc

v stands for

Answer 8

congestive heart failure

vascuar disease

Question 9

why do you sometims have to cover warfarin with heparin

Answer 9

because initially warfarin is prothromboric so need heparin as a cove

Question 10

normal INR

Answer 10

2- 3

Question 11

what dorm is enaxporin and what is in

Answer 11

its an injection

LMWH

Question 12

indications for digozin

Answer 12

HF
AF

Question 13

moa digozin

side effects

Answer 13

reduces HR - chronocity
improved inotropic

visual problems
can give you an arrythmia
if you already have low K+ it makes it worse

Question 14

nomral EF

Answer 14

50-70

Question 15

HEart failure EF

Answer 15

<40

Question 16

SPIRONOLOLACTONE what is it and indications

Answer 16

diuretic used to treat edema and it also raises K+ levels
conns syndrome(too little potsium)
heart failure

Question 17

a side effect of spironolcatone

Answer 17

hyperkalemia

Question 18

tx for pulmonary edema

Answer 18

CPAP
diuretics

Question 19

main key symptom for dissection

Answer 19

sudden onset tearing CP radiatiating to back

Question 20

other signs of dissection

Answer 20

cp
back pain
neck pain
paresthesia- t

Question 21

rf dissection

Answer 21

hyperenstion
ct disease
cocain/amphetimine
age ?50

Question 22

clinical signs dissection

Answer 22

blood pressure differences in each arm
radio radio delay
radio femoral delay

Question 23

stanford

Answer 23

for type A - arch
type b - thoracic

Question 24

how to asses radio radio delay

Answer 24

palpate both pulses, should be the same

Question 25

are palpatiions dangerous

Answer 25

majority of them are benignn but you do need to rule out some causes

Question 26

what to rule out in palpatiatiosn

Answer 26

1. stress
2. infection
3. hyperthyroidism
4. ARRYTHMIA !!!!
5. CAN BE A SIGN OF MENOPAUSE
6. CAFFEINE,
   SMOKIG
   ALCOHOL

Question 27

how can alcohol affect the heart

Answer 27

it can be a cause of palpitations and hency tachycardia as it stimulates the sympatheitc nerbouse syndrome

holiday heart syndrome is a term coined for holiday goers who develop a fib, frequently from binge drinking.

alcohol is a cause of A FIB

Question 28

ALCHOL AND ITS LINK TO THE HEART

Answer 28

1. can cause hypertension
2. increased risk of MI
3. increased risk of strok
4. palpitations
5. cardiomyopathy
6. weight gain

Question 29

how mnay units a week

Answer 29

14 units

Question 30

smoking and its effects

Answer 30

1. makes arteries most sticky and increase artheroscleoris
2. increase risk of thrombus
3. MI, STROKE
4. hypertension
5. palpitations