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im a doctor :) > cardio > Flashcards

cardio Flashcards

1
Q

markers for alchol in bloods

A

ALT
AST
GGT
high MCV

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2
Q

WHAT CAN CAUSE AF

A

infections
electolyte distrubances
ischemic heart disease
hypertension

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3
Q

a person who has chronic AF Rate control

A
  1. bisoprolol
  2. ca 2+ blocker - diltiziam
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4
Q

how do we achieve rythm control

A

caridioversion
amiodorine or flecainide sotolol

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5
Q

someone who has heart failure and A FIB first line

A

digoxin

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6
Q

fleicanide vs amidiorone

A

fleic :
younger pts with structurally normal hearts

amiodorone
bare side effects so older pts

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7
Q

whats the score for a fib

A

chadvasc

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8
Q

what does c in chadvasc

v stands for

A

congestive heart failure

vascuar disease

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9
Q

why do you sometims have to cover warfarin with heparin

A

because initially warfarin is prothromboric so need heparin as a cove

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10
Q

normal INR

A

2- 3

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11
Q

what dorm is enaxporin and what is in

A

its an injection

LMWH

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12
Q

indications for digozin

A

HF
AF

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13
Q

moa digozin

side effects

A

reduces HR - chronocity
improved inotropic

visual problems
can give you an arrythmia
if you already have low K+ it makes it worse

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14
Q

nomral EF

A

50-70

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15
Q

HEart failure EF

A

<40

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16
Q

SPIRONOLOLACTONE what is it and indications

A

diuretic used to treat edema and it also raises K+ levels
conns syndrome(too little potsium)
heart failure

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17
Q

a side effect of spironolcatone

A

hyperkalemia

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18
Q

tx for pulmonary edema

A

CPAP
diuretics

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19
Q

main key symptom for dissection

A

sudden onset tearing CP radiatiating to back

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20
Q

other signs of dissection

A

cp
back pain
neck pain
paresthesia- t

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21
Q

rf dissection

A

hyperenstion
ct disease
cocain/amphetimine
age ?50

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22
Q

clinical signs dissection

A

blood pressure differences in each arm
radio radio delay
radio femoral delay

23
Q

stanford

A

for type A - arch
type b - thoracic

24
Q

how to asses radio radio delay

A

palpate both pulses, should be the same

25
Q

are palpatiions dangerous

A

majority of them are benignn but you do need to rule out some causes

26
Q

what to rule out in palpatiatiosn

A
  1. stress
  2. infection
  3. hyperthyroidism
  4. ARRYTHMIA !!!!
  5. CAN BE A SIGN OF MENOPAUSE
  6. CAFFEINE,
    SMOKIG
    ALCOHOL
27
Q

how can alcohol affect the heart

A

it can be a cause of palpitations and hency tachycardia as it stimulates the sympatheitc nerbouse syndrome

holiday heart syndrome is a term coined for holiday goers who develop a fib, frequently from binge drinking.

alcohol is a cause of A FIB

28
Q

ALCHOL AND ITS LINK TO THE HEART

A
  1. can cause hypertension
  2. increased risk of MI
  3. increased risk of strok
  4. palpitations
  5. cardiomyopathy
  6. weight gain
29
Q

how mnay units a week

A

14 units

30
Q

smoking and its effects

A
  1. makes arteries most sticky and increase artheroscleoris
  2. increase risk of thrombus
  3. MI, STROKE
  4. hypertension
  5. palpitations
31
Q

ACS

A

UNTSABLE ANGINE
NSTEMI
STEMI

32
Q

MOST IMPORTANT INVESTIGATIONS IN SOMEONE YOU SUSPECT HAS AC S

A

ECG
TROPONIN

33
Q

difference between unstable angina and nstemi

A

troponin levels

34
Q

post MI complications

A

arrythmias
aneurysm of wall
dresslers
tamponade
papilaary muscle rupture (mitral regurg)

35
Q

becks

A

.veins
.hypo
muffled

36
Q

post mi what meds will a pt may be on

A

aspirin
antiplatelets - usually will take for 1 year ater MI where risk is increased
statin
some bp meds like bb or ca2+ or ACE

37
Q

DIFFERNECE BETWEEN NSTEMI AND STEMI

A

PARTIRAL/FULL OCCLUSION

WILL BOTH HAVE RAISED TROP

38
Q

RF FOR HEART ATTACK

A
  1. smoking (damges endothelial lining more likey to have plaque)
  2. obesity (plaque)

3.diabtes (affects blood vessels due to sugar )

HYPERLIPIDEMIA
4.famiy history

  1. alcohol (strong link with BP, which also causes vessels to harden as LV becomes hypertrophic)
  2. hypertension

nonmodifiable(age, males, south asians, FH

39
Q

unsatble angine ecg

A

ECG CAN BE NORMAL !!!!!!

or abnormal

40
Q

unstable vs stable

A

rest vs excertion

41
Q

whats the scary thing about heart attacks

A

sometimes we think you need the classic dramatic presentation you see on the tv when most people have a heart attack they don’t realize they are having it because the pain is not that severe.

42
Q

atypical presentiaiton of MI

A
  1. NO PAIN (DIABTEICS, ELDERLY)
    EPIGASTRIC PAIN

JUST BREATHLESSNESS
SYNCOPE
PALPITATIONS
HYPERGLYCEMIA CRISS

43
Q

nstemi ecg

A

can be normal or abnormal

-0 st depression

44
Q

ecg stemi

A

ST segment elevation >2mm in adjacent chest leads
ST segment elevation >1mm in adjacent limb leads
New left bundle branch block (LBBB) with chest pain or suspicion of MI

45
Q

diagnosis of NSTEMI requires two of the following:

A

Cardiac chest pain
Newly abnormal ECG which does not demonstrate ST-elevation e.g. ST depression, T wave inversion or non-specific changes.
Raised troponin (with no other reasonable explanatio

46
Q

conditions for PCI

A

came witin 12 hours of onset of pain and PCI can be given within 120 mins

47
Q

CABG VS PCI

A

PCI IS MORE URGERNT WHEREAS CABG MORE ELECTIVE

both treating the sam problem clot but cabg is open surgery , more risks , the heart has to be stopped

48
Q

lateral stemi

A

1, avl 5+6

49
Q

what is the most common arrythmia an MI can lead to

A

VF

50
Q

whats the most common reason for someone to die of a heart attack

A

VF

51
Q

inferior MI corrosponds to which artery

A

RIGHT

52
Q

DRESSLERS MANAGEMENT

A

high dose apsirin 300?

53
Q

left circumflex supplies

A

posterior lateral

54
Q

signs of a previous MI

A

im a doctor :) (45 decks)

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