Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

im a doctor :) > cardio > Flashcards

cardio Flashcards

1
Q

markers for alchol in bloods

A

ALT
AST
GGT
high MCV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

WHAT CAN CAUSE AF (NEED AT LEAST 6 )

A

infections
electolyte distrubances
ischemic heart disease
hypertension- lv hypetrophy hence more volume in left atrium (strecthes the wall)
PE
HYPERTHRYOIDISM
alchohol
diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a person who has chronic AF Rate control

A
  1. bisoprolol
  2. ca 2+ blocker - diltiziam ( slows down heart)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do we achieve rythm control

A

caridioversion
frine or flecainide sotolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

someone who has heart failure and A FIB first line

A

digoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fleicanide vs amidiorone

A

fleic :
younger pts with structurally normal hearts

amiodorone
bare side effects so older pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

whats the score for a fib

A

chadvasc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does c in chadvasc

v stands for

A

congestive heart failure

vascuar disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why do you sometims have to cover warfarin with heparin

A

because initially warfarin is prothromboric so need heparin as a cove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

normal INR

A

2- 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what dorm is enaxporin and what is in

A

its an injection

LMWH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

indications for digozin

A

HF
AF
atrial flutter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

moa digozin

whats important to know

side effects

A

reduces HR - chronocity
improved inotropic
not usually first resort tend to go for other drugs likee BB and ca channel blockers first

visual problems
can give you an arrythmia
if you already have low K+ it makes it worse

important is to monitor the kk levells of people on digoxin and also kidey function as thats how its excreted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

nomral EF

A

50-70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HEart failure EF

A

<40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

SPIRONOLOLACTONE what is it and indications

A

diuretic used to treat edema and it also raises K+ levels
conns syndrome(too little potsium)
heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

a side effect of spironolcatone

A

hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

tx for pulmonary edema

A

CPAP
diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

main key symptom for dissection

A

sudden onset tearing CP radiatiating to back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

other signs of dissection

A

cp
back pain esp interscapulae
neck pain
paresthesia- t

murmour is possible as aortic regurg is a regonised complication of AD - so any new murmour could be susupicios(more common in type A)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

rf dissection

A

hyperenstion
ct disease
cocain/amphetimine
age ?50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

clinical signs dissection

A

blood pressure differences in each arm
radio radio delay
radio femoral delay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

stanford

A

for type A - arch
type b - thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how to asses radio radio delay

A

palpate both pulses, should be the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
are palpatiions dangerous
majority of them are benignn but you do need to rule out some causes
26
what to rule out in palpatiatiosn
1. stress 2. infection 3. hyperthyroidism 4. ARRYTHMIA !!!! 4. CAN BE A SIGN OF MENOPAUSE 5. CAFFEINE, SMOKIG ALCOHOL
27
how can alcohol affect the heart
it can be a cause of palpitations and hency tachycardia as it stimulates the sympatheitc nerbouse syndrome holiday heart syndrome is a term coined for holiday goers who develop a fib, frequently from binge drinking. alcohol is a cause of A FIB
28
ALCHOL AND ITS LINK TO THE HEART
1. can cause hypertension 2. increased risk of MI 3. increased risk of strok 3. palpitations 4. cardiomyopathy 6. weight gain
29
how mnay units a week
14 units
30
smoking and its effects
1. makes arteries most sticky and increase artheroscleoris 2. increase risk of thrombus 4. MI, STROKE 5. hypertension 6. palpitations
31
ACS
UNTSABLE ANGINE NSTEMI STEMI
32
MOST IMPORTANT INVESTIGATIONS IN SOMEONE YOU SUSPECT HAS AC S
ECG TROPONIN
33
difference between unstable angina and nstemi
troponin levels
34
post MI complications
arrythmias aneurysm of wall dresslers tamponade papilaary muscle rupture (mitral regurg)
35
becks
.veins .hypo muffled
36
post mi what meds will a pt may be on
aspirin antiplatelets - usually will take for 1 year ater MI where risk is increased statin some bp meds like bb or ca2+ or ACE
37
DIFFERNECE BETWEEN NSTEMI AND STEMI
PARTIRAL/FULL OCCLUSION WILL BOTH HAVE RAISED TROP
38
RF FOR HEART ATTACK
1. smoking (damges endothelial lining more likey to have plaque) 2. obesity (plaque) 3.diabtes (affects blood vessels due to sugar ) HYPERLIPIDEMIA 4.famiy history 5. alcohol (strong link with BP, which also causes vessels to harden as LV becomes hypertrophic) 6. hypertension nonmodifiable(age, males, south asians, FH
39
unsatble angine ecg
ECG CAN BE NORMAL !!!!!! or abnormal
40
unstable vs stable
rest vs excertion
41
whats the scary thing about heart attacks
sometimes we think you need the classic dramatic presentation you see on the tv when most people have a heart attack they don't realize they are having it because the pain is not that severe.
42
atypical presentiaiton of MI
1. NO PAIN (DIABTEICS, ELDERLY) EPIGASTRIC PAIN JUST BREATHLESSNESS SYNCOPE PALPITATIONS HYPERGLYCEMIA CRISS
43
nstemi ecg
can be normal or abnormal -0 st depression
44
ecg stemi
ST segment elevation >2mm in adjacent chest leads ST segment elevation >1mm in adjacent limb leads New left bundle branch block (LBBB) with chest pain or suspicion of MI
45
diagnosis of NSTEMI requires two of the following:
Cardiac chest pain Newly abnormal ECG which does not demonstrate ST-elevation e.g. ST depression, T wave inversion or non-specific changes. Raised troponin (with no other reasonable explanatio
46
conditions for PCI
came witin 12 hours of onset of pain and PCI can be given within 120 mins
47
CABG VS PCI
PCI IS MORE URGERNT WHEREAS CABG MORE ELECTIVE both treating the sam problem clot but cabg is open surgery , more risks , the heart has to be stopped
48
lateral stemi
1, avl 5+6
49
what is the most common arrythmia an MI can lead to
VF
50
whats the most common reason for someone to die of a heart attack
VF
51
inferior MI corrosponds to which artery
RIGHT
52
DRESSLERS MANAGEMENT
high dose apsirin 300?
53
left circumflex supplies
posterior lateral
54
signs of a previous MI
q waves (deep and wide)
55
digoxin toxicity
56
signs of a fib
chest pain palpitations dizzines syncope
57
investigations for AF
ECG BLOODS - need to figutr out a cause as a lot of times theres a reason, infection, alcohol,
58
what constitutes unstable AF
1. signs of shock 2. syncope 3. heart failure 4. myocardial ischemiaa
59
how to treat unstable AF
cardioversion try 3 rounds if unstable 300mg of IV amiodarone should be given followed by another DC shock, then a 24 hour infusion of 900mg amiodarone.
60
when would you not want to cardiovert somone for AF
if theyve presented longer than 48 hours as the risk of stroke increases
61
EXAMPLS OF ANTIPLATELETS
ASPIRIN CLOPIDOGREL PRASIGRUEL
62
why is AF so tricky
so many people have it undiagnosed as its a silent arrythmia not everyone feels the palpitations etc
63
tachycardia with adverse features
1. shock 2. myocaridal ischemia 3. syncope 4. heart failure
64
if you have tachy with adverse features what do you do
cardioversion up to 3 times and after give 300 mg of amiodorone over 10-20 mins Repeat shock  Then give amiodarone 900 mg over 24 h
65
EXAMPLES OF VAGAL MANEOUVEOURS
1. cold water 2. blow through blcoked mouth 3. carotid masaage (check for bruits before) 4. bear down as if bowel movement
66
when do we give adenosine
we give in SVT, where you have normal qrs complexes (like AF, but the difference here is its sinus so its regular). you use after vagal maenouveres have failed. 6mg adenosine IV bolus 12 if no response 12 again if no response all together up to 3 cycles
67
amiodorone vs adenonis when to use
both antiarrhythmic drugs AMIODORONE - antiarrhythmic (AF) adenosine (SVT) when you give you warn the patient before hand as its going to stop the heart and hopefully that resets the Sa node metallic tase in mouth impending doom
68
why to perform valasave
to slow down HR someone who has SVT
69
AF increases risk of
1. stroke (ischemic) 2. heart failure 3. dementia (chronic hypoperfusion)
70
IF YOU WANT TO CARDIOVERT SOMEONE BUT ITS DEFINITELY BEEN >48 H what are your options
1. get them stablised with other methods and do an elective cardioversion in3 weeks 2. do a TEE before hand to visualise a clot if there 3. do pharmacological cardioversion with amidorone or fleicanide
71
can adults get rheumatic fever
yes but very rare its mainly kids and teensn
72
criteria for rheumatici fever
jONES
73
what imaging can be used for AORITC DISESCTION
1. ct angio 2. CXR- widened mediastinum,loss of aortic knob 3. TEE
74
for a difference in bp measurments how signifcant does it need to be ?
>20 mmhg
75
AAA vs AD
AAA- more so features of shock, you can feel a pulsatile mass and its more so abdomninal pain/back as opposed to chest pain AD- more so chest pain,
76
syncope during excercise
BIG RED FLAG ! HYPERTOPHIC CARDOMYOPATHY - young athleates due to lv obsruction no perfusion to brain ASS - poor CO as steonic valve
77
palpitations history
how long its been going on 1st time anything that triggers is any chest pain associated with it does it come and go any particular time when its worse or better anything that relieves it have you tried vagal maneuvers to reduce it (holding ur breath, blowing out, holding nose) triggers, coffee , energy drinks, stress, alochol, drug use FH - pmh- any history of heart problems in the past rule out anxiety adverse signs associated with : sweating, extreme fatigue, inability to carry out activites, chest pain, s.o.b, syncope, dizziness, (pre- synccpe, triggered by excercise
78
which drugs can cayse tachy
amphetamines cocaine ecstasy cannabis at low doses (at high causes brady )
79
MAIN SYMPTOMS OF AF
PALPITATIONS SYNCOPE LIGHT HEADED MAYBE A LITTLE CHEST PAIN
80
algorithm for unsatble a fib
dc cardiovert up to 3 x if not then 300 mg of amiodarone then shock again then IV 900mg amiodorone
81
target hr in AF
110 Hr
82

im a doctor :) (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions