Pharm2Anti-Viral/Protozoa Flashcards
inhibit viral neuraminidase and block viral rep?
Oseltamivir- PO & Zanamivir- inhalation
both CI in neonates
zanmivir CI in COPD & asthma
inhibits viral mRNA syn/transcription
virazole given by inhalation for serious RSV infix
CI in ?
ribavirin
pregnancy
monoclonal ab against RSV- prophy in high risk peds pts for LRT Dz
palivizumab - IM
DOC for HSV encephalitis, zoster?
also tx HSV 1,2, labialis, CMV prophy
acyclovir- PO/IV!!
ORAL for genital herpes, herpes labialis, zoster
valacyclovir
HSV keratitis & keratoconjunctivitis
trifluridine aka virOPTIC
topical tx of herpes labialis
penciclovir
prodrug of pen; ORALLY for zoster
famciclovir
Docosanol?
OTC for herpes labialis
TREATS CMV retinitis and CMV prophy
s/e- myelosuppression
ganciclovir
IV for CMV retinitis?
cidofovir foscarnet (only one not phosphorylated- pyrophosphate derivative)
foscarnet s/e?
electrolyte disturbances- hypoCa&K
NRTIs MOA similar to ?
- nucleosides phophorylated into ? by ? in the virus and then in the host
- only activated in cells infected with virus
- converted into ? in cells and inhibit ?
- s/e? (3)
acyclovir
nucleotides, protein kinases
triphosphate, RT
myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathies, hepatomegaly w/ steatosis
directly & non competitively inhibit RT by disrupting RT catalytic site? (aren’t nucleosides so DONT need to be activated)
NNRTIs
neVIRapine, delaVIRdine, efaVIRenz, etraVIRine
w/ fusion inh (enfuviritide- sQ), increased risk of ?
bind to viral envelop glycoprotein and prevent HIV from entering ?
pneumonia
WBCs
for Hep B virus?
if resistant?
lamivudine (epivir, epivir-HBV)
adefovir, entacavir
NRTI that converts AZT to AZT triphosphate & inhibits DNA syn via inh RT
»>crosses BBB***
»>s/e worst ? of all NRTIs
zidovudine
bone marrow toxicity
didanosine & lamivudine s/e?
pancreatitis
zidovudine & lamivudine called ?
combivir
inhibit cleavage of polypeptide precursors that generate proteins/enzymes- block rep
-commonly used with ?
protease inh
zidovudine, lamivudine
interferes w/ parasites microtubule fxn, inhibiting glucose uptake; tx ALL 7 nematodes
albendazole
inh depolarization- activation of nicotinic receptors-paralysis; pinworm/roundworm/hookworm
pyrantel pamoate
activates GABA receptors (inhibitory)- paralysis
-DOC for ?
also treats? (2)
ivermectin
onchocerciasis
filariasis, head lice (SKLICE)
Trematodes & cestodes tx by?
praziquantel
treats blood and liver fluke by increasing ca permeability- paralysis of worm
trematodes- praziquantel
tx taenia saginata/solium, cysticercosis but ? is DOC and CANT tx ocular bc paralysis of worm in eye may lead to blindness!
cestodes- praziquantel
albendazole
mixed amebicide, accepts electrons leading to cytotoxic free radicals
-DOC for E histolytica, giardia, bac vaginosis; also tx anaerobic infx i.e. c diff, bacteroides
metronidazole (crosses BBB- meningitis)
luminal amebicides?
systemic?
parmomycin, iodoquinol
chloroquine- amebic liver abscess
radical cure for milaria, tissue schizonticide that eradicates 1 and 2 EXOerythrocytic form of P vivax and ovale
primaquine; s/e: hemolytic anemia
BLOOD schizonticide that only eradicates erythrocytic form; CLINICAL cure (alleviates Sx)
-s/e (2)?
chloroquine
in combo w/ metro and iodoquinol for prophy/tx of amebic liver abscess
visual disturbances, ototoxicity
used for chloroquine-resistant malarial strains?
s/e?
quinine
cinchonism
blood schizonticide for MDR P. falciparum malaria
mefloquine; s/e- hallucinations
blood schizonticide- folate antagonist
P falciparum, P malariae, Toxoplasma gondii
pyrimethamine
blood AND tissue schizonticide
Atovaquone & Proguanil
syn inn of pyrimidine biosynthesis in malaria
prophy and tx of MDR strains (chloroquine AND quinine)
MALarone
trypanosomiasis- brucei gambiense/rhodiense
- only to cross BBB?
- tx and prophy; also tx and prophy for PCP?
- cytotoxic radicals; only one for Chagas’ (cruzi)?
- prophy and early tx; also tx onchocerciasis?
melarsoprol- IV
pentamidine isethionate- aerosol or IM
nifurtimox- PO
suramin- IV, a/e: shock
sodium stibogluconate for ?
leishmaniasis; s/e: cardiac arrhythmias
amebicide that induces cell membrane leakage?
paromomycin
s/e of blood schizonticide and sporontocide - megaloblastic anemia - reverse w/ leucovorin ?
pyrimethamine
