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Pharmacology > Adrenergic Agonists > Flashcards

Adrenergic Agonists Flashcards

1
Q

? is the parent compound from which all catecholamines and sympathomimetic drugs are derived

A

phenylethylamine

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2
Q

increased size of alkyl substitutions increase ? activity

A

B-receptor

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3
Q

removal of one or both of the ? on the benzene ring reduces the activity of the enzyme and increases the bioavailability and DOA of the drug

A

hydroxyl groups

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4
Q

alpha adrenergic increase arterial resistance in ? and ?

A

skin

splanchnic vessels

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5
Q

catecholamine are excluded and enter only with ?

A

high rates of infusion

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6
Q

non-catecholamines i.e. ? or ? readily enter the CNS

A

amphetamine, methylphenidate

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7
Q

activation of alpha 2 receptors in the ? decreases sympathetic outflow and causes ?

A

brainstem

hypotension

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8
Q

epinephrine acts on ? receptors

A

both alpha, both beta

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9
Q

epi treats ? by increaseing aqueous humor ? and decreasing its ?

A

OPEN angle GLC, outflow, production

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10
Q

hypovolemia, cardiac insufficiency, altered vascular resistance?

A

three major mechanisms responsible for shock

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11
Q

? is preferred for NON-anaphylactic shock- dilates renal vasculature

A

dopamine

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12
Q

only use of NE is to ? in an ? state

-metabolized rapidly by ? and ?- very short 1/2 life

A

increase BP, acute hypotensive

MAO, COMT

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13
Q

NE has no effect on ?

A

B2

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14
Q

Isoproterenol only acts on ?

A

beta receptors

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15
Q

potent vasoconstrictor and rapid IV can lead to reverse HR due to reflex effect?

A

Epi

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16
Q

use isoproterenol for acute ? and emergency ?; also heart block, torsades pointes

A

asthma

bradycardia

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17
Q

dopamine only give ?

A

IV

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18
Q

dopamine treatment of severe ?

A

CHF

*also beneficial in septic or cardiogenic shock

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19
Q

D1 dopamine receptor- lowers BP in ?

-moderate affinity for ? receptors

A

severe hypertension

alpha 2

20
Q

full B1 agonist

-short term treatment of ? that may occur after surgery, in CHF, in acute myocardial infarction

A

dobutamine- LUB DOB ;)

cardiac decompensation

21
Q

alpha one selective agonists? (3)

A

phenylephrine
ArAmine- off market
proAmAtine

22
Q

resistant to COMT metabolism?

  • causes ? and an increase in BP with associated sinus ?
  • IV- can be used as a potent ? w/ no direct inotropic or chronotropic effects on the heart
  • due to reflex bradycardia- useful in treating ?
  • commonly used as a ?
  • in eye- effective ? in solutions
A 
phenylephrine
vasoconstriction, bradycardia (reflex)
vasopressor
TACHYcardia
decongestant**
mydriatic
23
Q

treats postural hypotension?

A

proAmAtine

24
Q

alpha 2 agonists (5)

A 
clonidine
guanafacine
guanabenz
iopidine
alphagan
25
Q

primarily used for hypertension?

also used to Dx phaeochromocytoma

A

clonidine
*also useful in treating Ca patients, ADHD, nicotine/alcohol withdrawal, vascular HA, diabetic diarrhea, GLC, ulcerative colitis, Tourette’s, etc.

26
Q

alpha 2 that decreases IOP by decreasing aqueous humor production?

A

IOPidine

27
Q

alpha 2 decreases IOP and is used for open angle GLC or ocular htn

A

alphagan

28
Q 
alBUTEROL
terBUTaline
metaprotERenOL
salmeTEROL
formoTEROL
A

B2 selective agonists (some action at B1 receptors)

29
Q

B2 selective useful for bronchospasm & ? as well as ? due to the uterus relaxation

A

asthma

preterm labor

30
Q

50 fold more selective than albuterol?

A

salmeterol

31
Q

used for asthma, bronchospasm, & COPD?

A

salmeterol

32
Q

B3 agonist- relaxes the detrusor muscle during storage phase increasing ?

A

mirabegron

bladder capacity

33
Q

indirect acting sympathomimetics main action is to increase synaptic conc of ? and ?

A

dopamine, NE

34
Q

amphetamin & dextroamphetamine:

  1. increased ? release of NT
  2. ? transport
A

vesicular

reverse

35
Q

d-isomer is 3-4 times more potent at stim the CNS than the ? and is available as ? (ADHD)

A

1-isomer

dexedrine

36
Q

indirect agonists-addiction
CNS- increased ? activity
PNS- increase ? release which can lead to?

A

dopaminergic
NE
increased systolic&diastolic pressure

37
Q

only CNS effects and no peripheral effects?

A

ritalin

*this is why it is preferred for ADHD

38
Q

Tx for obesity- decrease food intake but doesn’t increase metabolism

A

amphetamine, dextroamphetamine

39
Q

do NOT give indirect agonists with ?&raquo_space; massive increases of peripheral NE that could cause a ? and death

A

MAOI inhibitors

hypertensive crisis

40
Q

all indirect work by stim NE release by ? blocks reuptake of ?

A

ritalin

dopamine

41
Q

? is more potent than ritalin; d-isomer of ritalin

A

focalin

42
Q

first orally active sympathomimetic?

A

ephedrine

43
Q

relief of nasal congestion?
combats fall in BP during epidural anesthesia?
raises Bp/CO/peripheral vasoconstriction?

A

ephedrine

44
Q

decongestant, stereoisomer of ephedrine, less potent

A

pseudoephedrine

45
Q

found in high conc in fermented foods like ? and ?

CI in pts takings MAOIs- hypertensive crisis

A

tyramine

Pharmacology (21 decks)

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