Pharm Flashcards
Antipyretics
Ibuprofen and Aspirin.
Reduce fever.
Meds that cause Ototoxicity
- Aminogylcosides: Genta, Tobra
- Loop diuretics: Furo, Bume
- Platinum-based chemo: Carbo, Cis
CI to Pyridostigmine (acetylcholinesterase inhibitors )
Mechanical GI and urinary obstruction.
Achilles tendon rupture risk increases when using what meds?
- Chronic steroid usage
- FQs
MC SE of HGM-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
1st: Myalgias
Watch for Myopathy, Rhabdo
Hydroxychloroquine: Monitor ____ every 6-12 mo
Eye exam
DMARDs SE and monitor what?
- Bone marrow suppression
- CBCs
What ECG finding is seen with Macrolide use?
QT prolongation
Drug class MOA of “-pine” meds and how can we remember that for what they do?
- Dihydropyridine (DHP)
- “Don’t Hurt Pulse” → Don’t drop HR, only BP.
Is it okay to use NSAIDs with renal issues?
No it’s CI bc they hold on to Na+ (thus, fluid retention) and they decreases blood supply (dec. renal prostaglandins).
What should be monitored with a pt. on Olanzapine? Why?
- Lipid panel
- D/T hypercholesterolemia and DM
What is monitored using Clozapine and why?
- WBC count
- Agranulocytosis (low WBC)
Cymbalta (Duloxetine) indications
Nerve pain and depression
What med is known to cause oropharyngeal candidiasis?
Fluticasone
Immunosuppressive med that inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides → T and B lymphocytes inhibited from replicating.
Mycophenolate
Common meds that have propylene glycol. What is a AE?
- Lorazepam, Diazepam
- Phenobarbital
- Phenytoin
- Nitroglycerin
- AE: dysrhythmias, hypoTN, bradycardia
What antiepileptic med blocks neuronal Na+ channels to prolong the refractory period and inhibit action potential propagation?
Carbamazepine
When do pts. on corticosteroids need to taper off to prevent adrenal insufficiency?
5-7 days
What med is used in pt. with asthma and taking a pharm stress test?
Dobutamine
What sedative med is CI with possible bowel obstruction?
Nitrous oxide
What clinical Dx’s will increase the volume of distribution of hydrophilic meds?
Fluid retainers: Ascites, CKD, CHF
MOA Allopurinol
Inhibits Xanthine Oxidase (enzyme that converts Hypoxanthine → Xanthine → Uric Acid)
What receptor stimulates positive chronotropic and inotrope?
Beta 1
Clonidine drug class
Alpha 2 agonist
What causes Disulfiram-like reaction? What are the Sxs?
- EtOH + Metronidazole (or Bactrim)
- Severe flushing ± hypoTN and tachycardia
Buprenorphine (opioid) is what kind of mu opioid receptor?
Partial agonist
What toxicity is commonly associated with giving IV Amphotericin B?
Nephrotoxicity
Which antiepileptic med requires dose adjustment for patients with hypoalbuminemia?
Phenytoin
Anaphylaxis Sxs
Respiratory: Bronchospasms, wheezing, ↑ airway pressure which causes lower minute ventilation.
What is used to ion trap aspirin in the urine thus enhancing elimination?
Sodium bicarbonate
JNC8 guideline: How much time needs to pass before any adjustments to medication are made for HTN mgmt?
1 mo
Procainamide adverse effect
Torsades
MOA Ondansetron
Serotonin 3 (5HT3) receptor antagonist
MC SE after giving IV Amiodarone
HypoTN
What is monitored with chronic use of Amiodarone?
Annual CXR (D/T pulmonary toxicity)
Albuterol can lead to what electrolyte abnormality?
HypoK
What med causes SLE-like syndrome?
Isoniazid
Med that aids with dry mouth in Sjogren’s syndrome
Pilocarpine
What med causes severe angioedema?
ACE-I
In what setting is dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel indicated?
After percutaneous coronary intervention and stent placement.
What 2 need to be monitored for SEs of carbamazepine?
Hematologic (CBC) and hepatic (LFT).
What is an SE of Daptomycin? What is checked bc of this?
- Myopathy and rhabdomyolysis
- Weekly monitoring of Creatine Phosphokinase
In a lipophilic med, what clinical Dx will increase in the volume of distribution?
Obesity
Which NSAIDs has the lowest risk of GI bleed?
Celecoxib
What TB med is commonly associated with lupus-like syndrome?
Isoniazid
Tx for Mg Sulfate Toxicity
Calcium Gluconate
What meds causes Acute Tubular Necrosis?
Aminoglycosides (Genta)
What antineoplastic med can cause cardiac toxicity and precipitate heart failure?
Doxorubicin
What HTN med can cause hyperkalemia?
ACE-I
Post-op fever on day 7+ would likely be D/T:
Medication induced
Which med exerts its action by inhibiting cell wall synthesis?
Amoxicillin
MOA ASA
Inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking cyclooxygenase-1 activity
When can we use Levofloxacin as 1st line therapy?
Bounce-backs or Pseudomonas:
- Ventilator in the ICU
- Cystic fibrosis, COPD
- Corneal abrasion D/T contact lens use
- Plantar puncture wound through shoe
- Malignant external otitis
- DM
