ID (New)

Question 1

Ingestion of C. botulinum spores leading to toxin in large intestine is what Dx?

Answer 1

Infant Botulism

Question 2

What is the treatment for botulism in <1 yo and >1 yo?

Answer 2

<1 yo: IV botulism Ig

>1 yo: Equine serum heptavalent botulism antitoxin

Question 3

What is the Rx given for severe or unresponsive Campylobacter infections?

Answer 3

FQ or Azithro

Question 4

Dx for Chlamydia

Answer 4

NAAT

Question 5

Which lab would support the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever?

Answer 5

Anti-streptolysin O titer

Question 6

What is the initial mgmt for MRSA?

What is the treatment for small, large, and severe MRSA lesions?

Answer 6

Initial: Irrigate and debride
Small/Initial: Mupirocin
Large: PO Bactrim, Doxy, Clinda
Severe: IV Vanco, Linezolid Daptomycin

Question 7

What is the treatment for Pinworms and Roundworms?

Answer 7

Mebendazole

Question 8

What is the treatment of choice for Tetanus?

Answer 8

Metronidazole* > PCN

Question 9

What is the treatment for Cryptococcus neoformans?

Answer 9

Amphotericin B + Flucytosine followed by Fluconazole (fungistatic)

Question 10

How is Cryptococcus neoformans diagnosed?

Answer 10

• **CSF: India ink stain* (round encapsulated yeast)
• Serum: Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg)
• Increased opening pressure and decreased Glucose

Question 11

What is the treatment for Tapeworms and Flukes?

Answer 11

Praziquantel

Question 12

What antibiotic is the treatment of choice for Shigellosis?

Answer 12

Bactrim

Question 13

What is the MCC of Pinworms?

Answer 13

Enterobius vermicularis eggs

Question 14

Dx for Malaria

Answer 14

Giemsa stain thin & thick blood film

Question 15

What med is given as chemoprophylaxis against malaria for a patient traveling to Nigeria?

Answer 15

Doxy, Mefloquine, Malarone

-No Chloroquine d/t resistance in that area.

Question 16

How is Toxoplasmosis spread?

Answer 16

Cat feces** > raw pork, lamb

Question 17

What is seen on CT of Toxoplasmosis? How else is it Dx?

Answer 17

• Ring-enhancing lesions

- (+) ELISA for anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM

Question 18

How is CMV diagnosed?

Answer 18

Tissue Bx: owl’s eye inclusions* (epithelial cells with enlarged nuclei surrounded by clear zone & cytoplasmic inclusions)

Question 19

How is Zika diagnosed?

Answer 19

• Serum or urine Zika virus IgM

- Confirm (if IgM [+]): PCR reverse transcriptase

Question 20

When is Varicella vaccine administered?

Answer 20

1 yo and 4 yo

Question 21

Are staph and strep G (-) or (+)?

Answer 21

G (+)

Question 22

Bilateral facial nerve palsy is virtually pathognomonic for:

Answer 22

Lyme disease

Question 23

How is Lyme disease diagnosed?

Answer 23

• ELISA (+) after 3 weeks

- Confirmed: Western assay

Question 24

Any reference to darkfield microscopy should make you think:

Answer 24

Treponema pallidum - Syphilis

Question 25

What is the MCC of pancreatitis in kids?

Answer 25

Mumps

Question 26

What is the treatment for Syphilis? What about with allergy?

Answer 26

• IM benzathine penicillin
• Latent/Congenital: IV penicillin G
• PCN allergy: Doxy

Question 27

What is the MC congenital infection in the US?

Answer 27

CMV

Question 28

Treatment and Prophy for Toxoplasmosis

Answer 28

• Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine

- Prophy CD4 <100 = Bactrim

Question 29

How is Mononucleosis diagnosed?

Answer 29

Heterophile antibody test (monospot test)

Question 30

How is HIV diagnosed?

Answer 30

• 4th gen combo HIV 1/2 immunoassay. If (+) → HIV1/HIV2 antibody differentiation immunoassay.
• Alt: ELISA followed by HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation immunoassay or Western blot; NAAT

Question 31

When is MMR given?

Answer 31

1 yo and 4 yo

Question 32

MCC Mumps

Answer 32

Paramyxovirus

Question 33

How is Syphilis confirmed?

Answer 33

Treponema tests → FTA ABS* (fluorescent treponema! antibody absorption) or Microhemagglutination for T. pallidum antibodies.

Question 34

What viral infection is associated with Negri bodies?

Answer 34

Rabies

Question 35

How is Rabies definitively diagnosed?

Answer 35

PCR saliva