ID (New) Flashcards
Ingestion of C. botulinum spores leading to toxin in large intestine is what Dx?
Infant Botulism
What is the treatment for botulism in <1 yo and >1 yo?
<1 yo: IV botulism Ig
>1 yo: Equine serum heptavalent botulism antitoxin
What is the Rx given for severe or unresponsive Campylobacter infections?
FQ or Azithro
Dx for Chlamydia
NAAT
Which lab would support the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever?
Anti-streptolysin O titer
What is the initial mgmt for MRSA?
What is the treatment for small, large, and severe MRSA lesions?
Initial: Irrigate and debride
Small/Initial: Mupirocin
Large: PO Bactrim, Doxy, Clinda
Severe: IV Vanco, Linezolid Daptomycin
What is the treatment for Pinworms and Roundworms?
Mebendazole
What is the treatment of choice for Tetanus?
Metronidazole* > PCN
What is the treatment for Cryptococcus neoformans?
Amphotericin B + Flucytosine followed by Fluconazole (fungistatic)
How is Cryptococcus neoformans diagnosed?
- **CSF: India ink stain* (round encapsulated yeast)
- Serum: Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg)
- Increased opening pressure and decreased Glucose
What is the treatment for Tapeworms and Flukes?
Praziquantel
What antibiotic is the treatment of choice for Shigellosis?
Bactrim
What is the MCC of Pinworms?
Enterobius vermicularis eggs
Dx for Malaria
Giemsa stain thin & thick blood film
What med is given as chemoprophylaxis against malaria for a patient traveling to Nigeria?
Doxy, Mefloquine, Malarone
-No Chloroquine d/t resistance in that area.
How is Toxoplasmosis spread?
Cat feces** > raw pork, lamb
What is seen on CT of Toxoplasmosis? How else is it Dx?
- Ring-enhancing lesions
- (+) ELISA for anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM
How is CMV diagnosed?
Tissue Bx: owl’s eye inclusions* (epithelial cells with enlarged nuclei surrounded by clear zone & cytoplasmic inclusions)
How is Zika diagnosed?
- Serum or urine Zika virus IgM
- Confirm (if IgM [+]): PCR reverse transcriptase
When is Varicella vaccine administered?
1 yo and 4 yo
Are staph and strep G (-) or (+)?
G (+)
Bilateral facial nerve palsy is virtually pathognomonic for:
Lyme disease
How is Lyme disease diagnosed?
- ELISA (+) after 3 weeks
- Confirmed: Western assay
Any reference to darkfield microscopy should make you think:
Treponema pallidum - Syphilis
What is the MCC of pancreatitis in kids?
Mumps
What is the treatment for Syphilis? What about with allergy?
- IM benzathine penicillin
- Latent/Congenital: IV penicillin G
- PCN allergy: Doxy
What is the MC congenital infection in the US?
CMV
Treatment and Prophy for Toxoplasmosis
- Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine
- Prophy CD4 <100 = Bactrim
How is Mononucleosis diagnosed?
Heterophile antibody test (monospot test)
How is HIV diagnosed?
- 4th gen combo HIV 1/2 immunoassay. If (+) → HIV1/HIV2 antibody differentiation immunoassay.
- Alt: ELISA followed by HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation immunoassay or Western blot; NAAT
When is MMR given?
1 yo and 4 yo
MCC Mumps
Paramyxovirus
How is Syphilis confirmed?
Treponema tests → FTA ABS* (fluorescent treponema! antibody absorption) or Microhemagglutination for T. pallidum antibodies.
What viral infection is associated with Negri bodies?
Rabies
How is Rabies definitively diagnosed?
PCR saliva
