Neuro (New)

Question 1

Loss of oligodendroglial cells is seen in what diagnosis?

Answer 1

Multiple sclerosis

Question 2

Fast progression of dementia symptoms and myoclonic jerking is suggestive of what disease?

Answer 2

Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD)

Question 3

Progressive neurodegeneration with cognitive decline, executive dysfunction, and visuospatial impairment plus visual hallucinations is suggestive of what diagnosis?

Answer 3

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Question 4

What disorder is characterized by slowly progressive intellectual loss that predominantly affects short-term memory?

Answer 4

Alzheimer-type dementia

Question 5

What is Pseudodementia?

Answer 5

Major depression in elderly

Question 6

What condition presents with impaired coordination, confusion, nystagmus**?

Answer 6

Wernicke Encephalopathy

Question 7

Lumbar puncture showing xanthochromia (gross bleeding) would be suggestive of:

Answer 7

Rupture of berry aneurysm leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Question 8

What is akathisia? What is the prophy and/or treatment of this?

Answer 8

• Feeling of restlessness that can occur with neuro meds

- Benzodiazepines

Question 9

What is the order of meds to treat Status Epilepticus?

Answer 9

1st give Benzo, followed by Phenytoin. If symptoms persist, give Phenobarbital next.

Question 10

In acute intracranial bleeds, what is the test of choice?

Answer 10

CT

Question 11

What disorder presents with this triad: dementia, gait disturbance (typically shuffling gait) and urinary incontinence? MRI reveals dilated ventricular spaces. What is the treatment for this condition?

Answer 11

• Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

- Ventriculoperitoneal shunting

Question 12

What diagnosis presents with LOC after head trauma (usu. temporal region), brief complete recovery (lucid interval), then LOC again?

Answer 12

Epidural hemorrhage

Question 13

In the diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis, what pathogen is most common in <18 yo and is associated with petechial rash, ↓ glucose, ↑ OP and ↑ neutrophils?

Answer 13

N. meningitidis

Question 14

In the diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis, what pathogen is most common in >18 yo?

Answer 14

Strep pneumo

Question 15

An MRI of a brain reveals multiple intracerebral lesions located at the gray-white matter junction that are sharply demarcated. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 15

METS to brain

Question 16

What is the best way to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 16

Electromyography (EMG)

Question 17

______ may be compromised by seizures or venous thromboembolism. Patients will have AMS, headache, nausea or vomiting, ataxia, change in personality, new onset seizures, or altered gait.

Answer 17

Brainstem glioma (glioblastoma multiforme) malignant tumors

Question 18

How is Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) diagnosed?

Answer 18

CSF studies

Question 19

An HIV patient has cognitive impairment, incontinence, impaired motor skills and confusion. An MRI shows moderate brain atrophy . What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 19

HIV Encephalitis

Question 20

A 50yo female is brought to the ED for recent onset of complex partial seizures. A contrast MRI shows an extra-axial mass, hyperostosis (thickened bone) and calcification of tumor. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 20

Meningioma

Question 21

Imaging showing mass with poorly defined borders, ring-enhancing appearance, and located in the white matter would would likely be due to:

Answer 21

Brainstem glioma (glioblastoma multiforme)

Question 22

↑ICP symptoms: restriction of the eye movements in all directions (except laterally), lack of pupil contraction and ptosis. What is the likely diagnosis? What causes this?

Answer 22

• Oculomotor Nerve Palsy

- Aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery

Question 23

A patient presents with abrupt and the rapid onset of confusion and seizures . MRI shows temporal lobe edema and LP reveals ↑ RBCs and lymphocytosis. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 23

Viral Encephalitis (MC HSV)

Question 24

In a patient with ventriculoperitoneal shunt as treatment for hydrocephaly, what is the likely pathogen to cause an infection?

Answer 24

Staphylococcus epidermidis