Neuro (New) Flashcards
Loss of oligodendroglial cells is seen in what diagnosis?
Multiple sclerosis
Fast progression of dementia symptoms and myoclonic jerking is suggestive of what disease?
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD)
Progressive neurodegeneration with cognitive decline, executive dysfunction, and visuospatial impairment plus visual hallucinations is suggestive of what diagnosis?
Dementia with Lewy Bodies
What disorder is characterized by slowly progressive intellectual loss that predominantly affects short-term memory?
Alzheimer-type dementia
What is Pseudodementia?
Major depression in elderly
What condition presents with impaired coordination, confusion, nystagmus**?
Wernicke Encephalopathy
Lumbar puncture showing xanthochromia (gross bleeding) would be suggestive of:
Rupture of berry aneurysm leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage.
What is akathisia? What is the prophy and/or treatment of this?
- Feeling of restlessness that can occur with neuro meds
- Benzodiazepines
What is the order of meds to treat Status Epilepticus?
1st give Benzo, followed by Phenytoin. If symptoms persist, give Phenobarbital next.
In acute intracranial bleeds, what is the test of choice?
CT
What disorder presents with this triad: dementia, gait disturbance (typically shuffling gait) and urinary incontinence? MRI reveals dilated ventricular spaces. What is the treatment for this condition?
- Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
- Ventriculoperitoneal shunting
What diagnosis presents with LOC after head trauma (usu. temporal region), brief complete recovery (lucid interval), then LOC again?
Epidural hemorrhage
In the diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis, what pathogen is most common in <18 yo and is associated with petechial rash, ↓ glucose, ↑ OP and ↑ neutrophils?
N. meningitidis
In the diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis, what pathogen is most common in >18 yo?
Strep pneumo
An MRI of a brain reveals multiple intracerebral lesions located at the gray-white matter junction that are sharply demarcated. What is the likely diagnosis?
METS to brain
What is the best way to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis?
Electromyography (EMG)
______ may be compromised by seizures or venous thromboembolism. Patients will have AMS, headache, nausea or vomiting, ataxia, change in personality, new onset seizures, or altered gait.
Brainstem glioma (glioblastoma multiforme) malignant tumors
How is Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) diagnosed?
CSF studies
An HIV patient has cognitive impairment, incontinence, impaired motor skills and confusion. An MRI shows moderate brain atrophy . What is the likely diagnosis?
HIV Encephalitis
A 50yo female is brought to the ED for recent onset of complex partial seizures. A contrast MRI shows an extra-axial mass, hyperostosis (thickened bone) and calcification of tumor. What is the likely diagnosis?
Meningioma
Imaging showing mass with poorly defined borders, ring-enhancing appearance, and located in the white matter would would likely be due to:
Brainstem glioma (glioblastoma multiforme)
↑ICP symptoms: restriction of the eye movements in all directions (except laterally), lack of pupil contraction and ptosis. What is the likely diagnosis? What causes this?
- Oculomotor Nerve Palsy
- Aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery
A patient presents with abrupt and the rapid onset of confusion and seizures . MRI shows temporal lobe edema and LP reveals ↑ RBCs and lymphocytosis. What is the likely diagnosis?
Viral Encephalitis (MC HSV)
In a patient with ventriculoperitoneal shunt as treatment for hydrocephaly, what is the likely pathogen to cause an infection?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
