Infectious Disease Flashcards
Treating disease like eye exams in DM2, wt. loss in CV pt., environment mod for allergies is what kind of prevention? 1ry, 2ry or 3ry?
Tertiary
Severe, watery diarrhea flecked with white mucus
Cholera
What can cause eosinophilia and hypochromic microcytic anemia?
Necator americanus (Hookworm)
Erythematous crusty lesion (at site) and regional lymphadenopathy. Dx?
Cat Scratch Disease
Tx for Neurosyphilis
IV Penicillin
Tx for Strep with PCN allergy
Clindamycin
MC patho of Hand, Foot, Mouth Disease (HFMD)
Coxsackie A
With positive PPD test, what is the next step?
CXR to evaluate for active disease
With dirty puncture wound and < 3 doses of tetanus vaccine, what is the Tx?
Tetanus toxoid and tetanus immune globulin
Cholera Tx for moderate/severe
- FQs
- Macrolides
MC type of Botulism and what did the pt. likely ingest?
- Infant Botulism
- Honey
Tx for Latent tuberculosis infection
Isoniazid daily x9 mo plus Pyridoxine (B6)
What does Tetanus present with?
Stiff neck + lock jaw
Who is given rabies IG?
Given to ALL unvaccinated people in close proximity to bats, even with no bites.
Tx for Primary Syphilis with PCN allergy
Doxy x14d
Rash that started after the fever went away. Dx?
Roseola
Which anatomical structures is MC affected by Rubulavirus?
Parotid glands (Mumps → Parotitis)
Pathognomonic rash found in Lyme Disease
Erythema Migrans
A young girl presents with HA, fatigue, anorexia, and myalgias after a trip to the Dominican Republic. She has many mosquito bites. Dx?
Dengue Fever
MC patho in Cat Scratch Fever
Bartonella henselae
Histoplasmosis Tx
Itraconazole or amphotericin B
Confirmatory Dx for Neurosyphilis
CSF-VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Lab)
Meningitis Sxs. PE: petechiae, skin lesions with gray necrotic centers. Dx?
Meningococcemia
Monotherapy Tx for Latent tuberculosis infection
Rifampin x4 mo
In <2 yo and >65 yo, pregnancy and chronic illness, what is the mgmt with exposure to contagious influenza?
Prophy with Oseltamivir
STI with high rate of cotransmission with HIV infection
Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)
With Dx of chlamydia or gonorrhea, how long should pt. wait to have sex?
7 days after finishing Abx Tx
Overall MC STI
HPV
Tx for Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
Tx for staph:
IV Vanco and Clinda
Cat Scratch Disease Tx
- Supportive
- Azithromycin (if needed)
Pt. presents to ED after a surgery a few days ago and dressing on the wound. She has a HIGH fever, hypoTN, tachycardia, and diffuse erythematous macular rash. Dx?
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
What toxicity is commonly associated with giving IV Amphotericin B?
Nephrotoxicity
Dengue Fever Tx
Supportive
What does it mean with (–) Hep B surface antigen and (+) hep B surface antibody?
Vaccinated
CD4 <100, India ink staining showing encapsulated yeast forms and positive Kernig’s sign. Dx?
Cryptococcus neo
Botulism vs. Lyme Disease
B: Descending weakness
Lyme: Ascending weakness (tick climbs up!)
MC symptoms of acute HIV
Sudden onset viral-like illness (F/N/V/HA, malaise, sore throat, arthralgias, anorexia, rash)
Necrotizing fasciitis Tx
IVF, broad-spec Abx, surgery
Screening and confirmation for HIV
S: 4th gen combo HIV-1/2 immunoassay
C: HIV1/HIV2 antibody differentiation immunoassay
Screenings/early detection (mammo, BP, colonoscopy, pap, osteoporosis) are what kind of prevention? 1ry, 2ry or 3ry?
Secondary
Traveling to Ohio/Mississippi river valleys and exposure to bird/bat droppings. Dx?
Histoplasmosis
Tx for Cryptococcus
Amphotericin B + Flucytosine
A patient had unprotected sex with an HIV positive person. What test do you do?
ELISA Antibody test: IFA first, then DFA. If ELISA is (+), next is Western blot.
Tx for reactivation of primary varicella-zoster virus
Acyclovir
What is the minimum age that influenza vaccination can be given?
6 mo
In what population is the oral polio vaccine CI? Why?
- Humoral immune deficiency
- Can cause paralytic disease since it’s a live viral vaccine
Routine vaccination against what organisms has significantly reduced the risk of bacterial meningitis in kids?
H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine
How do you monitor treatment for an HIV patient?
PCR
What vaccine is CI in immunocompromised or pregnant patients?
Varicella Zoster
What is a potential side effect of the diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine?
Entire limb swelling, redness and pain
What vaccine can cause seizure, arthritis, parotid swelling, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura?
MMR
When eating mahi-mahi, mackerel or tuna, what food poisoning can occur?
Histamine Food Poisoning
In a plantar puncture wound, what patho do we worry about? What can it lead to?
- Pseudomonas
- Osteomyelitis
Throat that is erythematous with enlarged tonsils covered by a grayish membrane and no vaccines is likely:
Corynebacterium diphtheria
Endoscopy is ordered and results show several large, SHALLOW ulcerations. What is the Dx and Initial treatment?
- CMV Esophagitis
- Gangciclovir
Farmer from Southwest that has been working in a very contaminated barn with rodent feces and now presents with Sxs of PNA should make you think of what diagnosis?
Hantavirus PNA
A 31-year-old pt. presents with sinusitis unresponsive to 3 various Abx over the past 4 mo. Sinus puncture is performed with culture positive for Aspergillus fumigatus. What is the most appropriate treatment for this patient?
Amphotericin
MRI: multiple hypodense ring-enhancing lesions. Dx?
Toxoplasmosis
Tx for Giardiasis ova and parasites
Metronidazole
19yo male has a severe sore throat and fever of 102° F. PE shows vesicles on the soft palate with some erythema. The tonsils are not enlarged. There is mild cervical lymph node enlargement. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Herpangina (Cox A)
HIV positive mom has just given birth. What test checks the baby for the virus?
PCR
After initial childhood inoculation, at what age should the pneumococcal conjugate vaccination be given?
≥ 65yo
A nurse is pricked by a needle of an HIV positive patient. What test do you do?
Antibody ELISA blood test and recheck in 3 months.
A nurse is pricked by a needle of an HIV positive patient. Her blood sample came back positive for HIV Antibodies. What is your next step?
Western blot
Tx for Lyme disease (besides Doxy)
Amoxicillin (also in pregnancy)
HIV positive patient presents. What is the treatment of choice?
Raltegravir (can be used alone)
A pregnant HIV positive pt. presents to clinic. What med do you start and when?
Azidothymidine (AZT) @ 28 weeks.
