Infectious Disease Flashcards by Monica Mendiola

Treating disease like eye exams in DM2, wt. loss in CV pt., environment mod for allergies is what kind of prevention? 1ry, 2ry or 3ry?

Tertiary

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Severe, watery diarrhea flecked with white mucus

Cholera

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What can cause eosinophilia and hypochromic microcytic anemia?

Necator americanus (Hookworm)

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Erythematous crusty lesion (at site) and regional lymphadenopathy. Dx?

Cat Scratch Disease

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Tx for Neurosyphilis

IV Penicillin

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Tx for Strep with PCN allergy

Clindamycin

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MC patho of Hand, Foot, Mouth Disease (HFMD)

Coxsackie A

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With positive PPD test, what is the next step?

CXR to evaluate for active disease

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With dirty puncture wound and < 3 doses of tetanus vaccine, what is the Tx?

Tetanus toxoid and tetanus immune globulin

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Cholera Tx for moderate/severe

- Macrolides

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MC type of Botulism and what did the pt. likely ingest?

Infant Botulism

- Honey

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Tx for Latent tuberculosis infection

Isoniazid daily x9 mo plus Pyridoxine (B6)

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What does Tetanus present with?

Stiff neck + lock jaw

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Who is given rabies IG?

Given to ALL unvaccinated people in close proximity to bats, even with no bites.

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Tx for Primary Syphilis with PCN allergy

Doxy x14d

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Rash that started after the fever went away. Dx?

Roseola

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Which anatomical structures is MC affected by Rubulavirus?

Parotid glands (Mumps → Parotitis)

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Pathognomonic rash found in Lyme Disease

Erythema Migrans

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A young girl presents with HA, fatigue, anorexia, and myalgias after a trip to the Dominican Republic. She has many mosquito bites. Dx?

Dengue Fever

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MC patho in Cat Scratch Fever

Bartonella henselae

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Histoplasmosis Tx

Itraconazole or amphotericin B

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Confirmatory Dx for Neurosyphilis

CSF-VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Lab)

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Meningitis Sxs. PE: petechiae, skin lesions with gray necrotic centers. Dx?

Meningococcemia

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Monotherapy Tx for Latent tuberculosis infection

Rifampin x4 mo

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In <2 yo and >65 yo, pregnancy and chronic illness, what is the mgmt with exposure to contagious influenza?

Prophy with Oseltamivir

STI with high rate of cotransmission with HIV infection

Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)

With Dx of chlamydia or gonorrhea, how long should pt. wait to have sex?

7 days after finishing Abx Tx

Overall MC STI

HPV

Tx for Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

Tx for staph: | IV Vanco and Clinda

Cat Scratch Disease Tx

- Supportive | - Azithromycin (if needed)

Pt. presents to ED after a surgery a few days ago and dressing on the wound. She has a HIGH fever, hypoTN, tachycardia, and diffuse erythematous macular rash. Dx?

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

What toxicity is commonly associated with giving IV Amphotericin B?

Nephrotoxicity

Dengue Fever Tx

Supportive

What does it mean with (--) Hep B surface antigen and (+) hep B surface antibody?

Vaccinated

CD4 <100, India ink staining showing encapsulated yeast forms and positive Kernig’s sign. Dx?

Cryptococcus neo

Botulism vs. Lyme Disease

B: Descending weakness Lyme: Ascending weakness (tick climbs up!)

MC symptoms of acute HIV

Sudden onset viral-like illness (F/N/V/HA, malaise, sore throat, arthralgias, anorexia, rash)

Necrotizing fasciitis Tx

IVF, broad-spec Abx, surgery

Screening and confirmation for HIV

S: 4th gen combo HIV-1/2 immunoassay C: HIV1/HIV2 antibody differentiation immunoassay

Screenings/early detection (mammo, BP, colonoscopy, pap, osteoporosis) are what kind of prevention? 1ry, 2ry or 3ry?

Secondary

Traveling to Ohio/Mississippi river valleys and exposure to bird/bat droppings. Dx?

Histoplasmosis

Tx for Cryptococcus

Amphotericin B + Flucytosine

A patient had unprotected sex with an HIV positive person. What test do you do?

ELISA Antibody test: IFA first, then DFA. If ELISA is (+), next is Western blot.

Tx for reactivation of primary varicella-zoster virus

Acyclovir

What is the minimum age that influenza vaccination can be given?

6 mo

In what population is the oral polio vaccine CI? Why?

- Humoral immune deficiency | - Can cause paralytic disease since it's a live viral vaccine

Routine vaccination against what organisms has significantly reduced the risk of bacterial meningitis in kids?

H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine

How do you monitor treatment for an HIV patient?

PCR

What vaccine is CI in immunocompromised or pregnant patients?

Varicella Zoster

What is a potential side effect of the diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine?

Entire limb swelling, redness and pain

What vaccine can cause seizure, arthritis, parotid swelling, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura?

MMR

When eating mahi-mahi, mackerel or tuna, what food poisoning can occur?

Histamine Food Poisoning

In a plantar puncture wound, what patho do we worry about? What can it lead to?

- Pseudomonas | - Osteomyelitis

Throat that is erythematous with enlarged tonsils covered by a grayish membrane and no vaccines is likely:

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Endoscopy is ordered and results show several large, SHALLOW ulcerations. What is the Dx and Initial treatment?

- CMV Esophagitis | - Gangciclovir

Farmer from Southwest that has been working in a very contaminated barn with rodent feces and now presents with Sxs of PNA should make you think of what diagnosis?

Hantavirus PNA

A 31-year-old pt. presents with sinusitis unresponsive to 3 various Abx over the past 4 mo. Sinus puncture is performed with culture positive for Aspergillus fumigatus. What is the most appropriate treatment for this patient?

Amphotericin

MRI: multiple hypodense ring-enhancing lesions. Dx?

Toxoplasmosis

Tx for Giardiasis ova and parasites

Metronidazole

19yo male has a severe sore throat and fever of 102° F. PE shows vesicles on the soft palate with some erythema. The tonsils are not enlarged. There is mild cervical lymph node enlargement. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Herpangina (Cox A)

HIV positive mom has just given birth. What test checks the baby for the virus?

PCR

After initial childhood inoculation, at what age should the pneumococcal conjugate vaccination be given?

≥ 65yo

A nurse is pricked by a needle of an HIV positive patient. What test do you do?

Antibody ELISA blood test and recheck in 3 months.

A nurse is pricked by a needle of an HIV positive patient. Her blood sample came back positive for HIV Antibodies. What is your next step?

Western blot

Tx for Lyme disease (besides Doxy)

Amoxicillin (also in pregnancy)

HIV positive patient presents. What is the treatment of choice?

Raltegravir (can be used alone)

A pregnant HIV positive pt. presents to clinic. What med do you start and when?

Azidothymidine (AZT) @ 28 weeks.