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PANCE Exam Review > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Treating disease like eye exams in DM2, wt. loss in CV pt., environment mod for allergies is what kind of prevention? 1ry, 2ry or 3ry?

A

Tertiary

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2
Q

Severe, watery diarrhea flecked with white mucus

A

Cholera

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3
Q

What can cause eosinophilia and hypochromic microcytic anemia?

A

Necator americanus (Hookworm)

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4
Q

Erythematous crusty lesion (at site) and regional lymphadenopathy. Dx?

A

Cat Scratch Disease

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5
Q

Tx for Neurosyphilis

A

IV Penicillin

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6
Q

Tx for Strep with PCN allergy

A

Clindamycin

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7
Q

MC patho of Hand, Foot, Mouth Disease (HFMD)

A

Coxsackie A

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8
Q

With positive PPD test, what is the next step?

A

CXR to evaluate for active disease

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9
Q

With dirty puncture wound and < 3 doses of tetanus vaccine, what is the Tx?

A

Tetanus toxoid and tetanus immune globulin

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10
Q

Cholera Tx for moderate/severe

A
  • FQs

- Macrolides

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11
Q

MC type of Botulism and what did the pt. likely ingest?

A
  • Infant Botulism

- Honey

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12
Q

Tx for Latent tuberculosis infection

A

Isoniazid daily x9 mo plus Pyridoxine (B6)

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13
Q

What does Tetanus present with?

A

Stiff neck + lock jaw

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14
Q

Who is given rabies IG?

A

Given to ALL unvaccinated people in close proximity to bats, even with no bites.

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15
Q

Tx for Primary Syphilis with PCN allergy

A

Doxy x14d

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16
Q

Rash that started after the fever went away. Dx?

A

Roseola

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17
Q

Which anatomical structures is MC affected by Rubulavirus?

A

Parotid glands (Mumps → Parotitis)

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18
Q

Pathognomonic rash found in Lyme Disease

A

Erythema Migrans

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19
Q

A young girl presents with HA, fatigue, anorexia, and myalgias after a trip to the Dominican Republic. She has many mosquito bites. Dx?

A

Dengue Fever

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20
Q

MC patho in Cat Scratch Fever

A

Bartonella henselae

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21
Q

Histoplasmosis Tx

A

Itraconazole or amphotericin B

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22
Q

Confirmatory Dx for Neurosyphilis

A

CSF-VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Lab)

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23
Q

Meningitis Sxs. PE: petechiae, skin lesions with gray necrotic centers. Dx?

A

Meningococcemia

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24
Q

Monotherapy Tx for Latent tuberculosis infection

A

Rifampin x4 mo

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25
Q

In <2 yo and >65 yo, pregnancy and chronic illness, what is the mgmt with exposure to contagious influenza?

A

Prophy with Oseltamivir

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26
Q

STI with high rate of cotransmission with HIV infection

A

Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)

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27
Q

With Dx of chlamydia or gonorrhea, how long should pt. wait to have sex?

A

7 days after finishing Abx Tx

28
Q

Overall MC STI

A

HPV

29
Q

Tx for Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

A

Tx for staph:

IV Vanco and Clinda

30
Q

Cat Scratch Disease Tx

A
  • Supportive

- Azithromycin (if needed)

31
Q

Pt. presents to ED after a surgery a few days ago and dressing on the wound. She has a HIGH fever, hypoTN, tachycardia, and diffuse erythematous macular rash. Dx?

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

32
Q

What toxicity is commonly associated with giving IV Amphotericin B?

A

Nephrotoxicity

33
Q

Dengue Fever Tx

A

Supportive

34
Q

What does it mean with (–) Hep B surface antigen and (+) hep B surface antibody?

A

Vaccinated

35
Q

CD4 <100, India ink staining showing encapsulated yeast forms and positive Kernig’s sign. Dx?

A

Cryptococcus neo

36
Q

Botulism vs. Lyme Disease

A

B: Descending weakness
Lyme: Ascending weakness (tick climbs up!)

37
Q

MC symptoms of acute HIV

A

Sudden onset viral-like illness (F/N/V/HA, malaise, sore throat, arthralgias, anorexia, rash)

38
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis Tx

A

IVF, broad-spec Abx, surgery

39
Q

Screening and confirmation for HIV

A

S: 4th gen combo HIV-1/2 immunoassay
C: HIV1/HIV2 antibody differentiation immunoassay

40
Q

Screenings/early detection (mammo, BP, colonoscopy, pap, osteoporosis) are what kind of prevention? 1ry, 2ry or 3ry?

A

Secondary

41
Q

Traveling to Ohio/Mississippi river valleys and exposure to bird/bat droppings. Dx?

A

Histoplasmosis

42
Q

Tx for Cryptococcus

A

Amphotericin B + Flucytosine

43
Q

A patient had unprotected sex with an HIV positive person. What test do you do?

A

ELISA Antibody test: IFA first, then DFA. If ELISA is (+), next is Western blot.

44
Q

Tx for reactivation of primary varicella-zoster virus

A

Acyclovir

45
Q

What is the minimum age that influenza vaccination can be given?

A

6 mo

46
Q

In what population is the oral polio vaccine CI? Why?

A
  • Humoral immune deficiency

- Can cause paralytic disease since it’s a live viral vaccine

47
Q

Routine vaccination against what organisms has significantly reduced the risk of bacterial meningitis in kids?

A

H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine

48
Q

How do you monitor treatment for an HIV patient?

A

PCR

49
Q

What vaccine is CI in immunocompromised or pregnant patients?

A

Varicella Zoster

50
Q

What is a potential side effect of the diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine?

A

Entire limb swelling, redness and pain

51
Q

What vaccine can cause seizure, arthritis, parotid swelling, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura?

A

MMR

52
Q

When eating mahi-mahi, mackerel or tuna, what food poisoning can occur?

A

Histamine Food Poisoning

53
Q

In a plantar puncture wound, what patho do we worry about? What can it lead to?

A
  • Pseudomonas

- Osteomyelitis

54
Q

Throat that is erythematous with enlarged tonsils covered by a grayish membrane and no vaccines is likely:

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria

55
Q

Endoscopy is ordered and results show several large, SHALLOW ulcerations. What is the Dx and Initial treatment?

A
  • CMV Esophagitis

- Gangciclovir

56
Q

Farmer from Southwest that has been working in a very contaminated barn with rodent feces and now presents with Sxs of PNA should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Hantavirus PNA

57
Q

A 31-year-old pt. presents with sinusitis unresponsive to 3 various Abx over the past 4 mo. Sinus puncture is performed with culture positive for Aspergillus fumigatus. What is the most appropriate treatment for this patient?

A

Amphotericin

58
Q

MRI: multiple hypodense ring-enhancing lesions. Dx?

A

Toxoplasmosis

59
Q

Tx for Giardiasis ova and parasites

A

Metronidazole

60
Q

19yo male has a severe sore throat and fever of 102° F. PE shows vesicles on the soft palate with some erythema. The tonsils are not enlarged. There is mild cervical lymph node enlargement. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Herpangina (Cox A)

61
Q

HIV positive mom has just given birth. What test checks the baby for the virus?

A

PCR

62
Q

After initial childhood inoculation, at what age should the pneumococcal conjugate vaccination be given?

A

≥ 65yo

63
Q

A nurse is pricked by a needle of an HIV positive patient. What test do you do?

A

Antibody ELISA blood test and recheck in 3 months.

64
Q

A nurse is pricked by a needle of an HIV positive patient. Her blood sample came back positive for HIV Antibodies. What is your next step?

A

Western blot

65
Q

Tx for Lyme disease (besides Doxy)

A

Amoxicillin (also in pregnancy)

66
Q

HIV positive patient presents. What is the treatment of choice?

A

Raltegravir (can be used alone)

67
Q

A pregnant HIV positive pt. presents to clinic. What med do you start and when?

A

Azidothymidine (AZT) @ 28 weeks.

PANCE Exam Review (32 decks)

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