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PANCE Exam Review > GU (New) > Flashcards

GU (New) Flashcards

1
Q

What antihypertensive meds are contraindicated in Renal Vascular Disease (Artery Stenosis)? Why?

A
  • ACE-I

- Cause renal insufficiency

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2
Q

Sildenafil, Vardenafil, and Tadalafil belong to what class of medications?

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

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3
Q

What is seen on a UA of Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)?

A

Muddy brown casts

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4
Q

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patient should follow what kind of diet?

A

Low protein

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5
Q

In a patient with Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) complaining of worse headache ever, what should we think of?

A

Brain (Berry) aneurysm

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6
Q

In Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis, what antihypertensive agent is used?

A

Nifedipine (instead of ACEI)

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7
Q

What is the treatment for Renal Vascular Disease (Artery Stenosis)?

A

Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA) + stent

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8
Q

How is Renal Vascular Disease (Artery Stenosis) diagnosed (initial and gold)?

A

Initial- US

GOLD- renal angiography

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9
Q

What is the treatment for Hypercalcemia? What about in L/T treatment d/t malignancy?

A
  • IV saline and Furosemide

- Bisphosphonates

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10
Q

What is seen on a UA of Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)?

A
  • Muddy brown casts

- Renal tubular cells or epi casts

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11
Q

In a patient presenting with status epilepticus, hyponatremia and history of lung cancer, what is the cause and how is it treated?

A
  • SIADH

- Hypertonic saline* + Furosemide

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12
Q

A patient presents with UTI symptoms. They are relieved with antibiotics but symptoms recur. A different antibiotic is tried and symptoms recur again. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Prostate Abscess

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13
Q

What are some causes of Nephrolithiasis (Stones)?

A
  • Obesity
  • Diets ↑ protein / Na+
  • ↓ Ca intake
  • Gout
  • FH
  • IBD
  • Some bowel surgeries
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Excess Vit. C
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14
Q

What is cystoscopy used for?

A

To examine the bladder and urethral mucosa for diverticula or if neoplasia is suspected. Also evaluates for inflammation.

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15
Q

What genetic disorder is seen in kids that causes renal failure, eye abnormalities and hearing loss?

A

Alport Syndrome

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16
Q

What is the diagnosis with the following triad? What antibodies are found?

  1. Upper respiratory tract / nose Sx
  2. Lower respiratory tract Sx
  3. Glomerulonephritis
A
  • Granulomatosis with Polyangitis (Wegener’s)

- (+) C-ANCA

17
Q

What is the treatment for Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis?

A

Salt and fluid restriction + PCN + Nifedipine (instead of ACEI)

18
Q

What is the treatment for urinary retention?

A
  • Catheter (rapid decompression)

- Long-term: Antiadrenergic (alpha blocker) “-sin”

19
Q

Finasteride and Dutasteride belong to what class of medications? What are they used for?

A
  • 5-reductase inhibitors

- BPH (2nd line)

20
Q

What are some RFs for Membranous Nephropathy?

A 
White
Malignancy
Hep B and C
SLE
Meds (PCN, gold, NSAIDs)
21
Q

What is the management for a patient with acute kidney injury marked by ↑ K and Cr?

A

1st dialysis, then supportive

22
Q

Causes of postoperative fever in order of post-op days:

A
  • Atelectasis (1-2 d)
  • UTI (3-5 d)
  • Venous thrombosis (4-6 d)
  • Wound infection (5-7 d)
  • Med induced (7+ d)
23
Q

What electrolyte abnormalities present with hypotension? What electrolyte abnormality is associated with weakness?

A
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hypernatremia
  • Hypokalemia
24
Q

How is Urge Incontinence diagnosed?

A

Cystometry → tests urodynamics, bladder capacity and tone.

25
Q

Acute Glomerulonephritis and (Pulmonary hemorrhage) Hemoptysis is seen in:

A

GoodPasture Syndrome

26
Q

What are causes of Urinary Retention?

A
  • Anticholinergic meds (Atropine, Benadryl, TCA)
  • Enlarged prostate
  • Post-op
  • Bladder CA
27
Q

What nephropathy is most commonly seen in African American IV drug users who have AIDS?

A

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

28
Q

What can occur if hypernatremia is corrected too fast?

A

Seizures and ~permanent neuro damage

29
Q

In Membranous Nephropathy, what would a biopsy show?

A

Thick glomerular membrane and capillary walls, enlarged glomeruli, normal cells.

30
Q

What is the treatment for Minimal Change Disease?

A

Steroids

31
Q

What is the treatment for hypernatremia / hypovolemia?

A

IV 5% Dextrose (D5W) over 5-10 h

32
Q

What are the values of Fractional Excretion of Na+ (FENa) seen in Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) and Prerenal Kidney Injury?

A

Prerenal: <1%
ATN: >2%

33
Q

In what diseases or disorders would one find hypoalbuminemia?

A
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • DM nephropathy
  • Hypocalcemia
  • Liver disease
34
Q

A patient with SCD presents with polyuria and nocturia. What is the likely diagnosis? What is likely to be seen on a biopsy specimen?

A
  • Renal Papillary Necrosis

- Necrosis of kidney papilla with preservation of the outline of tubules and collecting ducts.

35
Q

What is the best type of diuretics to use in a patient with a history of nephrolithiasis? Why?

A
  • Thiazides
  • Inhibit Na+/Cl– cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule and promote reabsorption of calcium (↓ urinary secretion of Ca+).

PANCE Exam Review (32 decks)

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