GU (New) Flashcards
What antihypertensive meds are contraindicated in Renal Vascular Disease (Artery Stenosis)? Why?
- ACE-I
- Cause renal insufficiency
Sildenafil, Vardenafil, and Tadalafil belong to what class of medications?
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
What is seen on a UA of Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)?
Muddy brown casts
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patient should follow what kind of diet?
Low protein
In a patient with Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) complaining of worse headache ever, what should we think of?
Brain (Berry) aneurysm
In Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis, what antihypertensive agent is used?
Nifedipine (instead of ACEI)
What is the treatment for Renal Vascular Disease (Artery Stenosis)?
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA) + stent
How is Renal Vascular Disease (Artery Stenosis) diagnosed (initial and gold)?
Initial- US
GOLD- renal angiography
What is the treatment for Hypercalcemia? What about in L/T treatment d/t malignancy?
- IV saline and Furosemide
- Bisphosphonates
What is seen on a UA of Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)?
- Muddy brown casts
- Renal tubular cells or epi casts
In a patient presenting with status epilepticus, hyponatremia and history of lung cancer, what is the cause and how is it treated?
- SIADH
- Hypertonic saline* + Furosemide
A patient presents with UTI symptoms. They are relieved with antibiotics but symptoms recur. A different antibiotic is tried and symptoms recur again. What is the likely diagnosis?
Prostate Abscess
What are some causes of Nephrolithiasis (Stones)?
- Obesity
- Diets ↑ protein / Na+
- ↓ Ca intake
- Gout
- FH
- IBD
- Some bowel surgeries
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Excess Vit. C
What is cystoscopy used for?
To examine the bladder and urethral mucosa for diverticula or if neoplasia is suspected. Also evaluates for inflammation.
What genetic disorder is seen in kids that causes renal failure, eye abnormalities and hearing loss?
Alport Syndrome
What is the diagnosis with the following triad? What antibodies are found?
- Upper respiratory tract / nose Sx
- Lower respiratory tract Sx
- Glomerulonephritis
- Granulomatosis with Polyangitis (Wegener’s)
- (+) C-ANCA
What is the treatment for Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis?
Salt and fluid restriction + PCN + Nifedipine (instead of ACEI)
What is the treatment for urinary retention?
- Catheter (rapid decompression)
- Long-term: Antiadrenergic (alpha blocker) “-sin”
Finasteride and Dutasteride belong to what class of medications? What are they used for?
- 5-reductase inhibitors
- BPH (2nd line)
What are some RFs for Membranous Nephropathy?
White Malignancy Hep B and C SLE Meds (PCN, gold, NSAIDs)
What is the management for a patient with acute kidney injury marked by ↑ K and Cr?
1st dialysis, then supportive
Causes of postoperative fever in order of post-op days:
- Atelectasis (1-2 d)
- UTI (3-5 d)
- Venous thrombosis (4-6 d)
- Wound infection (5-7 d)
- Med induced (7+ d)
What electrolyte abnormalities present with hypotension? What electrolyte abnormality is associated with weakness?
- Hyperkalemia
- Hypernatremia
- Hypokalemia
How is Urge Incontinence diagnosed?
Cystometry → tests urodynamics, bladder capacity and tone.
Acute Glomerulonephritis and (Pulmonary hemorrhage) Hemoptysis is seen in:
GoodPasture Syndrome
What are causes of Urinary Retention?
- Anticholinergic meds (Atropine, Benadryl, TCA)
- Enlarged prostate
- Post-op
- Bladder CA
What nephropathy is most commonly seen in African American IV drug users who have AIDS?
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
What can occur if hypernatremia is corrected too fast?
Seizures and ~permanent neuro damage
In Membranous Nephropathy, what would a biopsy show?
Thick glomerular membrane and capillary walls, enlarged glomeruli, normal cells.
What is the treatment for Minimal Change Disease?
Steroids
What is the treatment for hypernatremia / hypovolemia?
IV 5% Dextrose (D5W) over 5-10 h
What are the values of Fractional Excretion of Na+ (FENa) seen in Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) and Prerenal Kidney Injury?
Prerenal: <1%
ATN: >2%
In what diseases or disorders would one find hypoalbuminemia?
- Nephrotic syndrome
- DM nephropathy
- Hypocalcemia
- Liver disease
A patient with SCD presents with polyuria and nocturia. What is the likely diagnosis? What is likely to be seen on a biopsy specimen?
- Renal Papillary Necrosis
- Necrosis of kidney papilla with preservation of the outline of tubules and collecting ducts.
What is the best type of diuretics to use in a patient with a history of nephrolithiasis? Why?
- Thiazides
- Inhibit Na+/Cl– cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule and promote reabsorption of calcium (↓ urinary secretion of Ca+).
