EENT Flashcards
1
Q
Trismus, “hot potato” voice and a uvula displaced. Dx?
A
Peritonsillar Abscess
2
Q
What classic corneal finding is seen with herpes simplex keratitis?
A
Dendritic lesions (ONLY in HSV)
3
Q
Ultraviolet (UV) Keratitis Tx
A
-Top. NSAIDs
-PO pain meds
+/- Abx
+/-Cycloplegics
4
Q
MCC of Mastoiditis and patho:
A
- AOM
- Strep pneumoniae
5
Q
MC patho of Peritonsillar Abscess
A
-Strep pyogenes (GABHS)
6
Q
MC site involved in oral CA
A
Tongue
7
Q
Tx for MATURE cataracts
A
PhacoEmulsification then lens implant
8
Q
Peritonsillar Abscess Tx
A
- I and D or FNA
- Abx after (Augmentin or Clinda)
9
Q
Pt. presents with painless blurry vision and lens opacity. Dx?
A
Cataract
10
Q
2nd line Tx for Chalazion
A
Corticosteroid injection
11
Q
Which derm condition is associated with recurrent hordeola?
A
Rosacea
12
Q
Biggest RF for Oral Leukoplakia
A
Smokeless tobacco
13
Q
For acute closure glaucoma, what is the preferred Tx?
A
- BB drops
- Severe: IV Acetazolamide
14
Q
Tx for Sinusitis <10 days
A
Supportive: Decongestants, NSAIDs
15
Q
1st and 2nd line for Retropharyngeal Abscess
A
1st: IV Abx
2nd: I and D
16
Q
Retropharyngeal vs. Peritonsillar Abscess
A
Retro: Bulge posterior to pharyngeal wall (oropharynx).
Peri: uvula displaced
17
Q
1st line Tx for Strep Pharyngitis
A
PCN
18
Q
Order of mgmt for Mastoiditis
A
-1st line IV Abx (Cefepime + Vanco)
2nd line Myringotomy (mastoid draining) with tube.
If no response: Mastoidectomy
19
Q
Salivary gland infxn
A
Sialadenitis
20
Q
Monocular afferent pupil defect worse with moving seen in MS:
A
Optic Neuritis
21
Q
MCC Chalazion
A
Blocked oil Meibomian gland
22
Q
When can we give Rx Augmentin for Sinusitis?
A
After 10 days
23
Q
Sialadenitis is associated with:
A
Sjogren disease
24
Q
Tx for Optic Neuritis
A
IV Steroid
25
Dx for Corneal Abrasion
Fluorescein stain
26
SE of steroid injections
Hypopigmentation
27
MCC Hand, Foot, Mouth Disease (HFMD)
Coxsackie virus A
28
1st and 2nd line Tx for AOM
1st: Amoxi
2nd: Augmentin
29
Trismus is seen in:
Retropharyngeal and Peritonsillar Abscess
30
Inspiratory stridor is seen in:
Epiglottitis
31
Most likely pathos causing epiglottitis in adults
Staph or strep
32
Tx for traumatic corneal abrasion D/T FB
Lid eversion (check for FB) + Top. Abx
33
MCC lens opacity
Cataracts
34
SE of Phenytoin
Gingival hyperplasia
35
Dx for Retropharyngeal Abscess
CT with contrast
36
Eye condition associated with Bell Palsy:
Keratitis
37
-Nasal polyps
-Asthma
-ASA sensitivity
What is this triad?
Samter's
38
Pt. has a Hx of tubes in ears. You note a yellow/white mass behind TM. Dx?
Cholesteatoma
39
Which sinus borders the orbit and is MC route of infection of the orbit?
Ethmoid sinus
40
Tx for Orbital Cellulitis
- CT scan
| - IV Vanco + Ceftriaxone (or piperacillin-tazobactam)
41
After 1st (compress) and 2nd line (steroid inj.) Tx of Chalazion, what would be the next step in mgmt?
Ophtho referral for I and D
42
AOM Tx 2nd line or d/t allergy
Cefdinir
43
Dx for Epiglottitis
Laryngoscopy
44
MC patho in Sialadenitis
Staph aureus
45
Allergic Rhinitis Tx
Steroid nasal spray
46
Dx for Infectious Mononucleosis
Heterophile antibody test (monospot)
47
What does a corneal ulcer look like on PE?
- White hazy irregularity of cornea
| - Oval ulcer with ragged edges
48
1st line Abx for corneal ulcer
Topical FQ
49
Young kids with nasal polyps should be screened for which hereditary disorder?
Cystic fibrosis
50
What should be advised as post-op care for Infectious Mononucleosis?
NO contact sports for 4 wks post-infection
51
PainLESS eye conditions:
- Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
- Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
- Retinal detachment
- Chronic (open) Glaucoma
52
Cherry-red spot on fovea seen in:
- Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
| - A is near C
53
MCC of Infectious Mononucleosis
EBV
54
MCC Blepharitis
Dysfunctional Meibomian Gland
55
What is the mgmt with posterior packing for epistaxis?
- Admit patients to a monitored bed
| - Give Augmentin
56
What is Tonometry and what does it help Dx?
- Test to measure IOP
| - Glaucoma
57
How long does it take for a subconjunctival hemorrhage to resolve?
10-14 days
58
Mgmg of a corneal abrasion with rust ring:
Ophtho referral ASAP
59
MC patho of external otitis
Pseudomonas
60
Tx for Otitis Externa
1st: irrigate
2nd: Top. antimicrobials +/- steroids
61
Croup Sxs but TOXIC appearing. Dx?
Bacterial Tracheitis
62
Acute onset supratemporal orbital edema and tenderness. Dx?
Dacryoadenitis
63
Esophageal Foreign Body coin on AP/PA frontal film
We see flat side of coin
64
What is the name of the eye pus infection that resembles hyphema?
Endophthalmitis
65
Dx for Mastoiditis
CT Contrast
66
Prophy for Gono Conjunctivitis in newborns:
Topical Erythromycin
67
Episodic vertigo is seen in:
- Meniere's Disease
| - Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
68
What type of diet can be recommended for a patient with Meniere’s disease?
Low sodium diet
69
Tx for Necrotizing Otitis Externa
IV FQ and admit
70
In a single anterior nose bleed, what is the next step in mgmt if gauze fails?
Add 4% cocaine or lidocaine
71
MC site for Cholesteatoma to occur
Pars flaccida
72
Tx for Dacryocystitis
Top. ocular + PO anti-staph Abx (Clinda or Vanco + Ceph)
73
Strabismus medially:
Esotropia
74
Itchy, mildly swollen ear canal with thickened, white, creamy exudate. Dx?
Otomycosis (fungal infxn)
75
Likely cause of Pterygium
Excessive sunlight exposure
76
(Usu.) painless loss of vision, floaters, flashing lights D/T injury or spontaneous. Dx?
Retinal Detachment
77
Cotton wool spots and flame hemorrhages are common PE findings on eye exam in:
Diabetic retinopathy
78
Bilateral, gradual central field vision loss common in elderly. Dx?
Macular Degeneration
79
Acoustic Neuroma Dx
MRI with gadolinium
80
Which 2 eye tumors present with hyphema?
Retinoblastoma and melanoma of the iris
81
Bacterial Conjunctivitis Tx
Abx drops (Ofloxacin)
82
In Retinal Detachment, separation occurs from:
Choroid (MC Rhegmatogenous)
83
MC chronic illness of childhood
Dental caries
84
Necrotizing Otitis Externa (OE) will affect CN ___ and pt. complaint of:
- VII
| - Trismus
85
What is Amaurosis Fugax?
Temporary MONOcular vision loss for minutes and full recovery.
"Curtain coming down"
86
In Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), where is a stone likely to be stuck?
Posterior semicircular canal
87
Acoustic Neuroma Tx
Excision microsurgery
88
Gradual hearing loss, tinnitus, balance disturbance. Dx?
Acoustic Neuroma
89
MCC of Acoustic Neuroma
CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) tumor
90
Amaurosis Fugax is seen in what 3 Dx?
- Central Retinal ARTERY Occlusion
- Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis
- Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
91
Tool used to Dx Macular Degeneration
Amsler grid (tik-tac-toe)
92
Hyphema Mgmt
- Eye protection
- Limitation activity
- Head elevation
93
Dacryoadenitis vs. Dacryocystitis
Adenitis: A comes 1st so it's at the top (lac gland)
Cystitis: C comes after A so it's at the bottom (duct)
94
Dx for Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
Dix-Hallpike
95
Mononucleosis: posterior or anterior cervical chain?
Posterior
96
Bacterial conjunctivitis Tx
Abx Polymyxin B + Trimethoprim solution
97
In Central Retinal Artery Occlusion, after giving appropriate meds, what test should be done?
ECG → identify source of emboli
98
Tx for Sialadenitis
IV Nafcillin
99
When treating Strep Pharyngitis, what is true in regards to rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis?
Prevents acute RF but NOT post-strep glomerulonephritis
100
MC type of conjunctivitis in adults
Adenovirus
101
Tx for Herpes Simplex Keratitis
- Top. Antivirals: Trifluridine, Vida.
- Ointment: Gancyclovir
- PO Acyclovir
102
Tx for Sinusitis with PCN allergy
Doxy
103
In peripheral vestibular nystagmus, in what direction do the eyes go?
Opposite side
104
Abrasion vs. ulceration
A: D/T trauma to cornea
U: D/T infxn
105
Chlamydia vs. Gono Conjunctivitis
G: within 3-5 days of birth
C: 1-2 wks after birth
106
Tx for Macular Degeneration
Ranibizumab
107
What symptom is most characteristic of acute conjunctivitis?
Serous or clear discharge
108
Tx for Hereditary Angioedema
-FFP
or
-C1 esterase inhibitor replacement
109
What med causes severe angioedema?
ACE-I
110
What topical med should be avoided in conjunctivitis D/T possible exacerbation of infection?
Corticosteroids
111
Use of systemic corticosteroids can cause what adverse effects in the eye?
Glaucoma
112
Which PE finding distinguishes allergic rhinitis from other rhinitis etiologies?
Pale nasal turbinates
113
How do we know the difference between gingival hyperplasia d/t medication and gingivitis?
Gingivitis: gums tender, soft, red, bleed easily.
Hyperplasia: gums firm, light pink, do not bleed easily.
114
Patient presents to the ED, has peritonsillar abscess Sxs, and is stable. The supervising MD is busy with another pt. I spoke to the ENT who told me to perform I&D myself even though I had never done it but I had seen it done before. ENT told me all the steps, which I understood. Pt then starts having respiratory distress. What is the next step?
Intubation
115
Tx for Bacterial Keratitis
FQ drops
116
Tx for Sialolithiasis
- 1st: Lozenges
| - 2nd: Lithotripsy
117
What would cause Bitemporal Hemianopsia?
Compression at optic chiasm
118
What 2 would cause Homonymous Hemianopsia?
- Putamen Hemorrhage
| - Ischemic Stroke @ middle artery
119
Loss of color vision over a few days, usually unilateral. Ocular pain worse with movements. Affarent pupil defect. Dx?
Optic Neuritis
120
Chronic Sinusitis is likely D/T
Foreign body
121
Pt. presents with itchy eyes and chemosis (swollen lids). What is the treatment of choice?
- Azelastine
| - "-tine" is for allergies
122
Best Tx for bacterial conjunctivitis
Genta
123
Tx for Dacryocystitis
Cephalexin
124
Pt. presents with strabismus. What test would you like to order?
MRI
125
51 yo presents reporting dizziness this morning that has since subsided. What is your next step in management?
- CT or MRI
| - Worry about stroke
126
A pt. presents with vertigo and hearing loss. He reports a URI 2 wks ago. What is the likely Dx?
- Labyrinthitis
| - Vertigo + HL + URI
127
Pt. presents with a retinoblastoma. What would you like to do?
Bone scan D/T asociation with Osteosarcoma
