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EENT Flashcards

1
Q

Trismus, “hot potato” voice and a uvula displaced. Dx?

A

Peritonsillar Abscess

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2
Q

What classic corneal finding is seen with herpes simplex keratitis?

A

Dendritic lesions (ONLY in HSV)

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3
Q

Ultraviolet (UV) Keratitis Tx

A

-Top. NSAIDs
-PO pain meds
+/- Abx
+/-Cycloplegics

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4
Q

MCC of Mastoiditis and patho:

A
  • AOM

- Strep pneumoniae

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5
Q

MC patho of Peritonsillar Abscess

A

-Strep pyogenes (GABHS)

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6
Q

MC site involved in oral CA

A

Tongue

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7
Q

Tx for MATURE cataracts

A

PhacoEmulsification then lens implant

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8
Q

Peritonsillar Abscess Tx

A
  • I and D or FNA

- Abx after (Augmentin or Clinda)

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9
Q

Pt. presents with painless blurry vision and lens opacity. Dx?

A

Cataract

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10
Q

2nd line Tx for Chalazion

A

Corticosteroid injection

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11
Q

Which derm condition is associated with recurrent hordeola?

A

Rosacea

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12
Q

Biggest RF for Oral Leukoplakia

A

Smokeless tobacco

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13
Q

For acute closure glaucoma, what is the preferred Tx?

A
  • BB drops

- Severe: IV Acetazolamide

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14
Q

Tx for Sinusitis <10 days

A

Supportive: Decongestants, NSAIDs

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15
Q

1st and 2nd line for Retropharyngeal Abscess

A

1st: IV Abx
2nd: I and D

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16
Q

Retropharyngeal vs. Peritonsillar Abscess

A

Retro: Bulge posterior to pharyngeal wall (oropharynx).
Peri: uvula displaced

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17
Q

1st line Tx for Strep Pharyngitis

A

PCN

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18
Q

Order of mgmt for Mastoiditis

A

-1st line IV Abx (Cefepime + Vanco)
2nd line Myringotomy (mastoid draining) with tube.
If no response: Mastoidectomy

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19
Q

Salivary gland infxn

A

Sialadenitis

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20
Q

Monocular afferent pupil defect worse with moving seen in MS:

A

Optic Neuritis

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21
Q

MCC Chalazion

A

Blocked oil Meibomian gland

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22
Q

When can we give Rx Augmentin for Sinusitis?

A

After 10 days

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23
Q

Sialadenitis is associated with:

A

Sjogren disease

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24
Q

Tx for Optic Neuritis

A

IV Steroid

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25
Q

Dx for Corneal Abrasion

A

Fluorescein stain

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26
Q

SE of steroid injections

A

Hypopigmentation

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27
Q

MCC Hand, Foot, Mouth Disease (HFMD)

A

Coxsackie virus A

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28
Q

1st and 2nd line Tx for AOM

A

1st: Amoxi
2nd: Augmentin

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29
Q

Trismus is seen in:

A

Retropharyngeal and Peritonsillar Abscess

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30
Q

Inspiratory stridor is seen in:

A

Epiglottitis

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31
Q

Most likely pathos causing epiglottitis in adults

A

Staph or strep

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32
Q

Tx for traumatic corneal abrasion D/T FB

A

Lid eversion (check for FB) + Top. Abx

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33
Q

MCC lens opacity

A

Cataracts

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34
Q

SE of Phenytoin

A

Gingival hyperplasia

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35
Q

Dx for Retropharyngeal Abscess

A

CT with contrast

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36
Q

Eye condition associated with Bell Palsy:

A

Keratitis

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37
Q

-Nasal polyps
-Asthma
-ASA sensitivity
What is this triad?

A

Samter’s

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38
Q

Pt. has a Hx of tubes in ears. You note a yellow/white mass behind TM. Dx?

A

Cholesteatoma

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39
Q

Which sinus borders the orbit and is MC route of infection of the orbit?

A

Ethmoid sinus

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40
Q

Tx for Orbital Cellulitis

A
  • CT scan

- IV Vanco + Ceftriaxone (or piperacillin-tazobactam)

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41
Q

After 1st (compress) and 2nd line (steroid inj.) Tx of Chalazion, what would be the next step in mgmt?

A

Ophtho referral for I and D

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42
Q

AOM Tx 2nd line or d/t allergy

A

Cefdinir

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43
Q

Dx for Epiglottitis

A

Laryngoscopy

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44
Q

MC patho in Sialadenitis

A

Staph aureus

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45
Q

Allergic Rhinitis Tx

A

Steroid nasal spray

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46
Q

Dx for Infectious Mononucleosis

A

Heterophile antibody test (monospot)

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47
Q

What does a corneal ulcer look like on PE?

A
  • White hazy irregularity of cornea

- Oval ulcer with ragged edges

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48
Q

1st line Abx for corneal ulcer

A

Topical FQ

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49
Q

Young kids with nasal polyps should be screened for which hereditary disorder?

A

Cystic fibrosis

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50
Q

What should be advised as post-op care for Infectious Mononucleosis?

A

NO contact sports for 4 wks post-infection

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51
Q

PainLESS eye conditions:

A
  • Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
  • Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
  • Retinal detachment
  • Chronic (open) Glaucoma
52
Q

Cherry-red spot on fovea seen in:

A
  • Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

- A is near C

53
Q

MCC of Infectious Mononucleosis

54
Q

MCC Blepharitis

A

Dysfunctional Meibomian Gland

55
Q

What is the mgmt with posterior packing for epistaxis?

A
  • Admit patients to a monitored bed

- Give Augmentin

56
Q

What is Tonometry and what does it help Dx?

A
  • Test to measure IOP

- Glaucoma

57
Q

How long does it take for a subconjunctival hemorrhage to resolve?

A

10-14 days

58
Q

Mgmg of a corneal abrasion with rust ring:

A

Ophtho referral ASAP

59
Q

MC patho of external otitis

A

Pseudomonas

60
Q

Tx for Otitis Externa

A

1st: irrigate
2nd: Top. antimicrobials +/- steroids

61
Q

Croup Sxs but TOXIC appearing. Dx?

A

Bacterial Tracheitis

62
Q

Acute onset supratemporal orbital edema and tenderness. Dx?

A

Dacryoadenitis

63
Q

Esophageal Foreign Body coin on AP/PA frontal film

A

We see flat side of coin

64
Q

What is the name of the eye pus infection that resembles hyphema?

A

Endophthalmitis

65
Q

Dx for Mastoiditis

A

CT Contrast

66
Q

Prophy for Gono Conjunctivitis in newborns:

A

Topical Erythromycin

67
Q

Episodic vertigo is seen in:

A
  • Meniere’s Disease

- Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

68
Q

What type of diet can be recommended for a patient with Meniere’s disease?

A

Low sodium diet

69
Q

Tx for Necrotizing Otitis Externa

A

IV FQ and admit

70
Q

In a single anterior nose bleed, what is the next step in mgmt if gauze fails?

A

Add 4% cocaine or lidocaine

71
Q

MC site for Cholesteatoma to occur

A

Pars flaccida

72
Q

Tx for Dacryocystitis

A

Top. ocular + PO anti-staph Abx (Clinda or Vanco + Ceph)

73
Q

Strabismus medially:

74
Q

Itchy, mildly swollen ear canal with thickened, white, creamy exudate. Dx?

A

Otomycosis (fungal infxn)

75
Q

Likely cause of Pterygium

A

Excessive sunlight exposure

76
Q

(Usu.) painless loss of vision, floaters, flashing lights D/T injury or spontaneous. Dx?

A

Retinal Detachment

77
Q

Cotton wool spots and flame hemorrhages are common PE findings on eye exam in:

A

Diabetic retinopathy

78
Q

Bilateral, gradual central field vision loss common in elderly. Dx?

A

Macular Degeneration

79
Q

Acoustic Neuroma Dx

A

MRI with gadolinium

80
Q

Which 2 eye tumors present with hyphema?

A

Retinoblastoma and melanoma of the iris

81
Q

Bacterial Conjunctivitis Tx

A

Abx drops (Ofloxacin)

82
Q

In Retinal Detachment, separation occurs from:

A

Choroid (MC Rhegmatogenous)

83
Q

MC chronic illness of childhood

A

Dental caries

84
Q

Necrotizing Otitis Externa (OE) will affect CN ___ and pt. complaint of:

A
  • VII

- Trismus

85
Q

What is Amaurosis Fugax?

A

Temporary MONOcular vision loss for minutes and full recovery.
“Curtain coming down”

86
Q

In Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), where is a stone likely to be stuck?

A

Posterior semicircular canal

87
Q

Acoustic Neuroma Tx

A

Excision microsurgery

88
Q

Gradual hearing loss, tinnitus, balance disturbance. Dx?

A

Acoustic Neuroma

89
Q

MCC of Acoustic Neuroma

A

CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) tumor

90
Q

Amaurosis Fugax is seen in what 3 Dx?

A
  • Central Retinal ARTERY Occlusion
  • Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis
  • Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
91
Q

Tool used to Dx Macular Degeneration

A

Amsler grid (tik-tac-toe)

92
Q

Hyphema Mgmt

A
  • Eye protection
  • Limitation activity
  • Head elevation
93
Q

Dacryoadenitis vs. Dacryocystitis

A

Adenitis: A comes 1st so it’s at the top (lac gland)
Cystitis: C comes after A so it’s at the bottom (duct)

94
Q

Dx for Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

A

Dix-Hallpike

95
Q

Mononucleosis: posterior or anterior cervical chain?

96
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis Tx

A

Abx Polymyxin B + Trimethoprim solution

97
Q

In Central Retinal Artery Occlusion, after giving appropriate meds, what test should be done?

A

ECG → identify source of emboli

98
Q

Tx for Sialadenitis

A

IV Nafcillin

99
Q

When treating Strep Pharyngitis, what is true in regards to rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis?

A

Prevents acute RF but NOT post-strep glomerulonephritis

100
Q

MC type of conjunctivitis in adults

A

Adenovirus

101
Q

Tx for Herpes Simplex Keratitis

A
  • Top. Antivirals: Trifluridine, Vida.
  • Ointment: Gancyclovir
  • PO Acyclovir
102
Q

Tx for Sinusitis with PCN allergy

103
Q

In peripheral vestibular nystagmus, in what direction do the eyes go?

A

Opposite side

104
Q

Abrasion vs. ulceration

A

A: D/T trauma to cornea
U: D/T infxn

105
Q

Chlamydia vs. Gono Conjunctivitis

A

G: within 3-5 days of birth
C: 1-2 wks after birth

106
Q

Tx for Macular Degeneration

A

Ranibizumab

107
Q

What symptom is most characteristic of acute conjunctivitis?

A

Serous or clear discharge

108
Q

Tx for Hereditary Angioedema

A

-FFP
or
-C1 esterase inhibitor replacement

109
Q

What med causes severe angioedema?

110
Q

What topical med should be avoided in conjunctivitis D/T possible exacerbation of infection?

A

Corticosteroids

111
Q

Use of systemic corticosteroids can cause what adverse effects in the eye?

112
Q

Which PE finding distinguishes allergic rhinitis from other rhinitis etiologies?

A

Pale nasal turbinates

113
Q

How do we know the difference between gingival hyperplasia d/t medication and gingivitis?

A

Gingivitis: gums tender, soft, red, bleed easily.
Hyperplasia: gums firm, light pink, do not bleed easily.

114
Q

Patient presents to the ED, has peritonsillar abscess Sxs, and is stable. The supervising MD is busy with another pt. I spoke to the ENT who told me to perform I&D myself even though I had never done it but I had seen it done before. ENT told me all the steps, which I understood. Pt then starts having respiratory distress. What is the next step?

A

Intubation

115
Q

Tx for Bacterial Keratitis

116
Q

Tx for Sialolithiasis

A
  • 1st: Lozenges

- 2nd: Lithotripsy

117
Q

What would cause Bitemporal Hemianopsia?

A

Compression at optic chiasm

118
Q

What 2 would cause Homonymous Hemianopsia?

A
  • Putamen Hemorrhage

- Ischemic Stroke @ middle artery

119
Q

Loss of color vision over a few days, usually unilateral. Ocular pain worse with movements. Affarent pupil defect. Dx?

A

Optic Neuritis

120
Q

Chronic Sinusitis is likely D/T

A

Foreign body

121
Q

Pt. presents with itchy eyes and chemosis (swollen lids). What is the treatment of choice?

A
  • Azelastine

- “-tine” is for allergies

122
Q

Best Tx for bacterial conjunctivitis

123
Q

Tx for Dacryocystitis

A

Cephalexin

124
Q

Pt. presents with strabismus. What test would you like to order?

125
Q

51 yo presents reporting dizziness this morning that has since subsided. What is your next step in management?

A
  • CT or MRI

- Worry about stroke

126
Q

A pt. presents with vertigo and hearing loss. He reports a URI 2 wks ago. What is the likely Dx?

A
  • Labyrinthitis

- Vertigo + HL + URI

127
Q

Pt. presents with a retinoblastoma. What would you like to do?

A

Bone scan D/T asociation with Osteosarcoma

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