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PANCE Exam Review > Endo > Flashcards

Endo Flashcards

1
Q

Dx for DM2

A

Symptomatic →
-Random Glu ≥ 200
Asymptomatic →
-Fasting Glu ≥ 126, two separate occasions
-A1C ≥ 6.5%
-Plasma Glu ≥ 200, 2 hrs p 75g Glu load during oral tolerance test

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2
Q

Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Dx for nephrogenic and Hx of taking what med?

A

Hx: Lithium
Dx: H2O deprivation test → NO change in urine osmolality

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3
Q

Low TSH, High T4, Normal T3. Dx?

A

Thyroiditis

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4
Q

Sxs: Hyperreflexia, goiter, exophthalmos, Pre-Tibial myxedema. Dx?

A

Hyperthyroid (Grave’s)

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5
Q

Tx 1ry Adrenal Insufficiency

A

Hydrocortisone

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6
Q

Structure commonly compressed and affects vision with pituitary adenoma

A

Optic chiasm

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7
Q

Tx for pituitary adenomas >1 cm

A

Surgery

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8
Q

Tx for thyroid storm D/T endogenous TH

A

1) BB
2) Dexamethasone
3) PTU
4) Potassium iodide

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9
Q

Hyperthyroidism Tx

A
  • Methimazole or Propylthiouracil PTU

- Pregnant: PTU

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10
Q

Tx (Rx and Mgmt) for Acromegaly

A
  • Octreotide

- Transsphenoidal resection

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11
Q

Low TSH, T4/T3. Dx?

A

Euthyroid Sick Syndrome

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12
Q

Elevated thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO). Dx?

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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13
Q

Metformin MOA

A

Decreasing hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis)

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14
Q

MC precipitating factor Of Thyroid Storm

A

Infection

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15
Q

Which thyroid D/O presents post viral URI?

A

De Quervain thyroiditis (Subacute)

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16
Q

Tx for De Quervain thyroiditis (Subacute)

A

ASA, BB, NSAIDs

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17
Q

Childhood radiation exposure can lead to ____ and it is most commonly associated with what type?

A
  • Thyroid CA

- Papillary (MCC in general)

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18
Q

Tx for Thyroid Storm D/T Levothyroxine abuse

A

1) BB

2) Dexamethasone

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19
Q

Tx for Central Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

A

Intranasal DDAVP

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20
Q

Curative Tx for Hyperparathyroidism

A

Parathyroidectomy

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21
Q

What labs must be checked in Hypogonadism? Why?

A
  • FSH and LH

- Distinguishes between 1ry and 2ry

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22
Q

MOA thiazolidinediones (“-one”)

A

Increase insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat.

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23
Q

MCC infectious 1ry adrenal insufficiency worldwide

A
  • TB

- Generally, MCC = autoimmune

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24
Q

Classic finding Hyperaldosteronism

A

↓ K + HTN + (↑ Na)

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25
Q

MCC metabolic problem in neonates

A

Hypoglycemia

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26
Q

How much Dextrose 10 should be given for <1 yo to Tx Hypoglycemia?

A

5-10 mL/kg

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27
Q

When is DM2 screening warranted?

A
  • Age 45

- Any age adult BMI ≥ 25 + 1 RF

28
Q

BEST Dx tool for adrenal insufficiency

A

Serum cortisol level

29
Q

In Tx for DKA, when blood glucose is < 200, what is the next step in mgmt?

A

Add Dextrose to IVF

30
Q

Glc > 600 and negative ketones. Dx? Tx?

A
  • Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

- IVF

31
Q

Stones, bones, (GI) groans, psychiatric overtones. Dx?

A

Hypercalcemia (~Hyperparathyroidism)

32
Q

Med that blocks release of stored thyroid hormone

33
Q

Most likely neuro symptom from a pituitary adenoma

A

Peripheral vision loss

34
Q

↓ Bone density, muscle mass, memory. Dx? Lab?

A
  • Growth Hormone Deficiency

- ↓ IGF-1

35
Q

MCC Hyperthyroidism

A

Grave’s (autoimmune)

36
Q

1st line Tx Hyperprolactinemia. What is 2nd line and done when?

A
  • Dopamine agonists: Cabergoline, Bromocriptine

- Surgery. Only if Rx no help or with compressive effects (VL)

37
Q

What labs are seen in Diabetes Insipidus?

A

↓ urine osmolality, ↑ serum osmolality

38
Q

Values of RFs for DM2 screening

A
  • HDL <35

- TG >250

39
Q

PE: Fruity smelling breath, dehydration, AMS

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

40
Q

MCC amenorrhea and galactorrhea in premenopausal woman

41
Q

What DM2 med is CI in renal insufficiency?

42
Q

What presents with Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s sign? Cause?

A
  • Hypocalcemia

- Post thyroidectomy

43
Q

Hyperglycemia, ketonemia, anion gap metabolic acidosis. Dx?

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

44
Q

Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Which is MCC for decrease in ADH production, central or nephrogenic?

45
Q

Palpitations, HAs, Excessive sweating. HTN*. Dx?

A

Pheochromocytoma (α-blocker)

-“PHE” for symptoms

46
Q

How do we Dx Metabolic Syndrome?

A

3 out of 5:

  • ↑ Abdominal obesity
  • ↑ BP
  • ↓ HDL <40
  • ↑ TG >150
  • ↑Fasting Glu. >100
47
Q

In hyperthyroid, what might be heard on auscultation?

A

Neck bruit

48
Q

Infertility, galactorrhea, and amenorrhea. ~Bitemporal hemianopsia. Dx?

A

Hyperprolactinemia

49
Q

MCC Acromegaly

A

Pituitary adenoma

50
Q

Tx for Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

A
  • HCTZ* > Indomethacin

- Amiloride (if D/T Lithium)

51
Q

What DM2 med is CI with Hx Pancreatitis? Med name?

A
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1)

- “-tide”

52
Q

High TSH, Normal T3/4

A

Subclinical hypothyroid

53
Q

Hypercalcemia Tx

54
Q

When giving Levothyroxine to elderly pt., how does the dosing differ than with younger?

A

Lower dose in elderly

55
Q

Hypoparathyroidism electrolyte abnormalities

A

↑ Phos

↓ Ca+

56
Q

What lab marker helps to distinguish 1ry from 2ry adrenal insufficiency?

A

1ry: ↑ ACTH
2ry: ↓ ACTH

57
Q

When adding insulin to Metformin, is S/A or L/A used initially?

A

Long-acting

58
Q

In Tx for DKA, after NS and insulin have been given, what should be given next?

A

Potassium (if it’s <5)

59
Q

What diabetic med reduces filtered Glu in proximal renal tubules which ↑ urinary excretion of Glu and ↓ plasma Glu?

A

SGLT2 inhibitors (Gliflozins)

60
Q

Diabetes Insipidus Dx between Central and Nephrogenic

A

Desmopressin stimulation test

61
Q

Pt. presents with morning hyperglycemia even with routine insulin given. Mom reports nightmares and night sweats. Dx?

A

Somogyi Effect

62
Q

What glucose-lowering agents act by delaying glucose absorption?

A

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors (Acarbose, Miglitol)

63
Q

1st, 2nd, 3rd Tx for Grave’s

A

1st: antithyroid meds (70% failure)
2nd: Radioactive Iodine
3rd: Thyroidectomy → lifelong hormone replacement

64
Q

How do we test between DM and DI?

A

Check fasting Glu. Normal in DI.

65
Q

Thyroid nodule workup. What comes 1st, 2nd?

A

1st: US
2nd: FN Bx

PANCE Exam Review (32 decks)

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