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1
Q

Tx for Cystitis ([+] culture) in pregnancy

A
  • Cephalexin, Cefpodoxine
  • Amoxicillin
  • Augmentin
  • Bactrim (NO in 1st or 3rd trimester)
  • Nitro (NO in 1st or 3rd trimester)
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2
Q

Inability to retract foreskin over the glans

A

Phimosis

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3
Q

MC form of Testicular Torsion

A

Intravag (bell-clap)

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4
Q

Dx for Primary Syphilis

A

Darkfield microscopy

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5
Q

Name of the painless ulcer found in Syphilis

A

Chancre

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6
Q

56 yo presents with painless hematuria. What is the next step in mgmt?

A
  • Cystoscopy

- Check for Bladder CA

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7
Q

Tx for Uncomplicated Cystitis and for how many days?

How long do we Tx with comorbidities?

A
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Bactrim
  • FQ
  • 3 to 5 days
  • Comorbidities: 7 days
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8
Q

Tx for BPH, class and meds

A
  • Alpha-blockers: Terazosin, Tamsulosin

- 5-reductase inhibitors: Finasteride [Proscar]

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9
Q

What do 5-reductase inhibitors do?

A

Block Testosterone

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10
Q

MCC acute urinary obstruction in women

A

Prolapse of pelvic organs and pelvic tumors

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11
Q

Dx for Stress Incontinence

A

Bladder stress test

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12
Q

Painful testicle (more when elevated), foreshortening and no cremasteric reflex. Dx?

A

Testicular Torsion

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13
Q

Dx for Nephrolithiasis

A

Helical CT

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14
Q

MCC Cystitis

A

E. coli

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15
Q

MC patho of Syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum (spirochete)

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16
Q

MC patho type of Bladder CA

A

Urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma

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17
Q

What presents with inguinal bubo and painful penile sores?

A

Chancroid

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18
Q

Dx for Testicular Torsion

A

Doppler US

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19
Q

Common presentation/complaint seen in Bladder CA

A

Painless hematuria

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20
Q

Dx for Testicular CA, initial and definitive

A

Initial: US
Definitive: Radical inguinal orchiectomy

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21
Q

MC site for Nephrolithiasis

A

Uretero-Vesiclular junction (UVJ)

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22
Q

Definitive Dx for Cystitis

A

Urine culture

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23
Q

Undescended testicle name:

A

Cryptorchidism

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24
Q

MCC and Tx for Prostatitis and Epididymitis <35 yo

A
  • Gono, Chlamydia

- Ceftriaxone (or Ofloxacin) + Doxycycline

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25
Q

Nephrolithiasis Tx by size

A

< 5mm: IVF, Toradol (pain), antiemetics, Tamsulosin
> 7mm: Lithotripsy
> 10mm: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

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26
Q

Tx for Urge Incontinence, class and med

A

Anticholinergics: Oxybutynin

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27
Q

Med that’s CI in 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy. Why?

A
  • Sulfonamides (Sulfamethoxazole)

- Cause jaundice

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28
Q

Dx for BPH and finding

A
  • Digital rectal exam

- Smooth, firm, mobile prostate, NO nodules

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29
Q

What is seen on Doppler US for Epididymitis?

A

Increased color flow

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30
Q

MC RF for Testicular CA

A

Cryptorchidism (undescended testicle)

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31
Q

MCC and Tx for Prostatitis and Epididymitis >35 yo

A
  • E. coli (also Pseudomonas in Epididymitis)

- Cipro or Bactrim

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32
Q

Male presents with painless genital ulcer and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Dx? Patho?

A
  • Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)

- Chlamydia trachomatis

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33
Q

What PE is CI in Prostatitis and why?

A
  • Vigorous prostate exam

- Risk of septicemia

34
Q

Why must a Bx be avoided in probable Testicular CA?

A

May result in tumor seeding.

35
Q

What common drug used for Cystitis is NOT used in Pyelonephritis?

A

Nitrofurantoin

36
Q

Which has a gradual onset, Epididymitis or Torsion?

A

Epididymitis

37
Q

3 lab findings in Testicular CA

A
  • ↑ beta-hCG
  • ↑ Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP),
  • ↑ Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
38
Q

What is the sign of relief with testicular elevation and what is the Dx?

A
  • Prehn’s sign

- Epididymitis

39
Q

Pt. presents with sudden strong need to urinate and large amounts of urine. Dx?

A

Urge Incontinence

40
Q

What is a PE of Testicular CA?

A

Painless, hard, fixed mass

41
Q

Chlamydia Cervicitis Tx

A

Single dose Azithromycin

42
Q

A febrile infant with 1st UTI should undergo what other evaluation?

A

Renal and bladder US (RBUS)

43
Q

Which incontinence shows elevated postvoid residual?

A

Overflow incontinence

44
Q

What is a PE of Prostatitis?

A

Warm, exquisitely tender prostate

45
Q

What causes Testicular Torsion?

A

Cryptorchidism (d/t maldevelopment of fixation between the enveloping tunica vaginalis and posterior scrotal wall)

46
Q

Pyelonephritis Tx

A

FQ or Bactrim

47
Q

Scoring system used to grade Prostate CA prognosis. What is the range and risk?

A
  • Gleason

- Ranges 2 to 10, with 7 being medium risk.

48
Q

What intervention is CI in Prostatitis?

A

Urethral cath

49
Q

MCC Cervicitis

50
Q

Congenital D/O characterized by the absence of 1 or both kidneys. Dx?

A

Renal agenesis

51
Q

UA findings in Nephrolithiasis

A

Hematuria

-NO WBCs

52
Q

Tx for Pyelonephritis inpatient and pregnancy

A
  • Ampicillin + Gentamicin

- 3rd gen Cephalosporin

53
Q

Dx for Chlamydia Cervicitis

A

Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) PCR

54
Q

Tamsulosin common SE

55
Q

MCC bladder calculi

A

Infection of residual bladder urine with urea-splitting organisms

56
Q

MCC Bacterial Vaginosis

A

Decrease in Lactobacilli which leads to increase in Gardnerella vaginalis

57
Q

Chronic heme condition often associated with priapism

58
Q

Urologic ER: Foreskin becomes trapped behind corona of glans and forms tight band, constricting penile tissues.

A

Paraphimosis

“se fue PARA alla!”

59
Q

MC stone in Nephrolithiasis

A

Calcium oxalate

60
Q

Prolonged painful erection

61
Q

Swelling of a kidney d/t build-up of urine

A

Hydronephrosis

62
Q

Nephrolithiasis vs Urolithiasis

A

N: kidney calculi or stones
U: urinary tract calculi or stones

63
Q

Painful genital ulcers and bubo formation. Patho and Dx?

A
  • Haemophilus ducreyi

- Chancroid

64
Q

Tx order for Paraphimosis

A

1st: Manual reduction
2nd: Dorsal slit (reduction unsuccessful)
3rd: Circumcise

65
Q

With any type of incontinence, what test must be done 1st to R/O?

66
Q

MC diagnosis inan adult with Nephrotic syndrome. What do we worry about?

A
  • DM

- Hypercoagulability (clots) → send home on ASA

67
Q

Burning and itching of penis with foul smell. PE: erythema and inflammation with scant, thick, white discharge. Dx?

A

Balanoposthitis D/T Candida

68
Q

Tx of Balanoposthitis

A

Top. antifungal → Clotrimazole cream

69
Q

What is the most likely PE finding in a patient with Peyronie’s disease?

A

Fibrous band on lateral portion of the penis

70
Q

A young man is involved in a MVA. On secondary survey, it is noted that there is blood at the meatus and the patient is suspected of having a pelvic fracture. The patient is otherwise stable. Which of the following tests should be done to evaluate the urinary system?

A

Urethrogram (x-ray used to image the integrity of the urethra)

71
Q

Post-op fever on day 3-5 would likely be D/T:

72
Q

What is the MC complication of circumcision?

73
Q

How long do we Tx Prostatitis for?

74
Q

What is the best mgmt for a 6 mo with undescended testes (cryptorchidism)?

A

Referral for Orchiopexy

75
Q

Pt. presents with his wife and reports they are having trouble conceiving. Wife was checked and has no issues. What is the biggest RF for his infertility?

A

Varicocele

76
Q

In males, what is the cause for most cases of viral mumps infection?

A

Orchitis (testes inflamed)

77
Q

What is a common site for prostate cancer to metastasize to?

78
Q

4 yo presents with HTN. What is the likely cause?

A

Wilms tumor (kidney tumor)

79
Q

57 yo male with Hx of HTN. He has generalized weakness and low GFR. Cr of 8. What med is he likely taking? What should he take instead?

A
  • ACE-I for renal artery stenosis

- ARB (after switching, do renal US)

80
Q

MCC renal failure

81
Q

When Tx erectile dysfunction with a PD5 inhibitor (Sildenafil), what is CI that can be used for chest pain?

A

Nitroglycerin

82
Q

What can cause Testicular CA?

A

Cryptorchidism

PANCE Exam Review (32 decks)

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