Personality Flashcards
What is personality?
The patterns of thoughts and feelings and thee way in which we interact with our environment and other people too make us a unique person
What are the three approaches to personality?
1) Trait approach
2) Social learning approach
3) Interactionist approach
What is the trait approach to personality?
> Suggests that you are born with innate characteristics
Stable and remain consistent despite changing circumstances
What are the implications of the trait approach?
> Coaches/performers/opposition can predict how people react to certain situations
E.G. An extroverted basketball player may be more vocal on the court
What is Eyesenck’s model of personality?
> Developed a series of questions about personality
Asked 700 soldiers (being treated for disorders)
Their answers linked - highlighting traits
Discovery that behaviour can be shown in two dimensions
Introvert/Extrovert, Neurotic/Stable
What are introverts?
> Personality characteristics of a person who does not seek social situations, likes peace and unite, good concentration
E.G. Chris Froome
What are extroverts?
> Personality characteristics of a person who seeks social situations and likes excitement, lacks concentration
E.G. Anthony Joshua, Luis Suarez
What is the stable dimension of personality?
> Traits are unchangeable and remain predictable
Someone may always react to a situation calmly or show anxiety
What is the neurotic dimension of personality?
Traits are changeable and unpredictable
> Someone may often show aggression but the extent varies
What are coach implications of the introvert/extrovert dimensions of personality?
> Extroverts tend to achieve better performance at higher arousal levels, in team activities, or gross motor skills
Introverts tend to achieve better performance at lower arousal levels
What are the limitations of Eyesenck’s model of personality?
> Too simplistic
Only used results from soldiers
Does not account for behavioural changes over time or situations
Limited value for predicting success
Self-report - relies on honesty
Answers influenced by subject mood
What is Cattell’s 16 PF personality questionnaire?
> Identified 171 behaviours, grouped into 16 traits
Questionnaire is valid and reliable measure of these traits
Disagreed with Eysenck - believed there was a larger number of traits
Broad sample of participants
What are the limitations of Cattell’s questionnaire?
> Subjects mood influenced answers
Does not account for behaviour change over time and circumstances
Self-report - relies on subject honesty
No value in predicting success
What are the similarities between Eysenck and Cattell’s models?
> Both trait approaches
Both seen as simplistic - no account for changes over time
Both use self-report measure - require honesty
What are the differences between Eysenck and Cattell’s models?
> C - there are many more traits that build a personality, E - there are four
C - used broad sample of participants E - 700 soldiers
C - gives individuals more of an understanding in determining their personality
What is the social learning approach?
> Personality traits can be developed by associating with other people (of value) and picking up their behaviour
Copying behaviour that is more powerful or causes more success
What is the interactionist perspective?
> Behaviour from sports people can be influenced by genetics and environmental factors
Combines trait and social learning approach
Consistent traits which interact with situational factors
What is Lewin’s interactionist approach? (1935)
> Formula: B=f(PxE)
Behaviour is the function (dependant on) of personality and the environment
Helps coaches predict behaviour
What is Hollander’s structure of personality?
1) The psychological core
2) Typical response
3) Role-related behaviour
What is the psychological core of Hollander’s structure of personality?
> Stable and solid
Underlying beliefs and values
E.G. Player with underlying strong work ethic and teamwork
What is the typical response of Hollander’s structure of personality?
> Usual responses a person would make in a given situation
E.G. An attacker who typically makes an effort by making runs into space to receive the ball from midfielders
What is the role-related behaviour of Hollander’s structure of personality?
> Further changes to behaviour may be needed as the situation demands
E.G. The attacker is in a close game under pressure so tracks back to defend and protect the lead
What are the coaching implications of the interactionist approach to personality?
> Predict any potential unacceptable/aggressive behaviour and remove the player before penalised
Can identify situations that cause dropping off of performance and create similar scenarios in training to reduce this (e.g. get them used to crowd noise)
Change a players behaviour by encouraging them to adapt (e.g. penalty practice)
