Personality

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

The patterns of thoughts and feelings and thee way in which we interact with our environment and other people too make us a unique person

Question 2

3 approaches to personality

Answer 2

1) Trait approach
2) Social learning approach
3) Interactionist approach

Question 3

Trait approach

Answer 3

> Suggests that you are born with innate characteristics
Stable and remain consistent despite changing circumstances

Question 4

Result of trait approach

Answer 4

> Coaches/performers/opposition can predict how people react to certain situations
E.G. An extroverted basketball player may be more vocal on the court

Question 5

Eyesenck’s model of personality

Answer 5

> Developed a series of questions about personality
Asked 700 soldiers (being treated for disorders)
Their answers linked - highlighting traits
Discovery that behaviour can be shown in two dimensions
Introvert/Extrovert, Neurotic/Stable

Question 6

Introverts

Answer 6

> Personality characteristics of a person who does not seek social situations, likes peace and unite, good concentration
E.G. Chris Froome

Question 7

Extroverts

Answer 7

> Personality characteristics of a person who seeks social situations and likes excitement, lacks concentration
E.G. Anthony Joshua, Luis Suarez

Question 8

Stable

Answer 8

> Traits are unchangeable and remain predictable
Someone may always react to a situation calmly or show anxiety

Question 9

Neurotic

Answer 9

Traits are changeable and unpredictable
> Someone may often show aggression but the extent varies

Question 10

Coach implications

Answer 10

> Extroverts tend to achieve better performance at higher arousal levels, in team activities, or gross motor skills
Introverts tend to achieve better performance at lower arousal levels

Question 11

Limitations to Eyesenck’s model

Answer 11

> Too simplistic
Only used results from soldiers
Does not account for behavioural changes over time or situations
Limited value for predicting success
Self-report - relies on honesty
Answers influenced by subject mood

Question 12

Cattell’s 16 PF questionnaire

Answer 12

> Identified 171 behaviours, grouped into 16 traits
Questionnaire is valid and reliable measure of these traits
Disagreed with Eysenck - believed there was a larger number of traits
Broad sample of participants

Question 13

Limitations of Cattell’s questionnaire

Answer 13

> Subjects mood influenced answers
Does not account for behaviour change over time and circumstances
Self-report - relies on subject honesty
No value in predicting success

Question 14

Eysenck and Cattell: Similarities

Answer 14

> Both trait approaches
Both seen as simplistic - no account for changes over time
Both use self-report measure - require honesty

Question 15

Eysenck and Cattell:

Answer 15

> C - there are many more traits that build a personality, E - there are four
C - used broad sample of participants E - 700 soldiers
C - gives individuals more of an understanding in determining their personality

Question 16

Social learning approach

Answer 16

> Personality traits can be developed by associating with other people (of value) and picking up their behaviour
Copying behaviour that is more powerful or causes more success

Question 17

The interactionist perspective

Answer 17

> Behaviour from sports people can be influenced by genetics and environmental factors
Combines trait and social learning approach
Consistent traits which interact with situational factors

Question 18

Lewin

Answer 18

> Formula
Behaviour is the function of personality and the environment
Helps coaches predict behaviour

Question 19

Hollander’s structure of personality

Answer 19

1) The psychological core
2) Typical response
3) Role-related behaviour

Question 20

Hollander: The psychological core

Answer 20

> Stable and solid
Underlying beliefs and values
E.G. Player with underlying strong work ethic and teamwork

Question 21

Hollander: Typical response

Answer 21

> Usual responses a person would make in a given situation
E.G. An attacker who typically makes an effort by making runs into space to receive the ball from midfielders

Question 22

Hollander: Role-related behaviour

Answer 22

> Further changes to behaviour may be needed as the situation demands
E.G. The attacker is in a close game under pressure so tracks back to defend and protect the lead

Question 23

Interactionist perspective: coach implications

Answer 23

> Predict any potential unacceptable/aggressive behaviour and remove the player before penalised
Can identify situations that cause dropping off of performance and create similar scenarios in training to reduce this (e.g. get them used to crowd noise)
Change a players behaviour by encouraging them to adapt (e.g. penalty practice)