Information processing and memory Flashcards
Information processing:
The process of taking into account the sporting environment and then making decisions prior to the execution of a skill.
1) Input (Stimulus Identification)
Input - the performer is presented with a huge amount of sensory information
Display - the physical environment
2) Perceptual Mechanism
> Acts as a filter
Selective attention - deciding which stimuli are relevant
Efficiency of perceptual mechanism:
> Experience
Arousal (increased alertness)
Quality of instruction
Intensity of stimulus
3) Response selection
> Deciding on the necessary movement in the context of the present situation
Tanslatory / decision making mechanisms compare stimuli to long term memory to select appropriate motor programme
4) Response programming
> Motor systems are organised to deliver the chosen movement
4) Response programming: effector mechanisms
> Motor programmes / schemas are sent in the form of coded impulses through nerves to muscles
4) Response programming: muscular system
> Muscles receive the impulse and initiate the movement
5) Output
> The action is performed
The situation and results are stored in the long term memory for future reference
The result of the action gives the brain further information (feedback loop) - enabling further decisions to be made
Welfords model:
1) sense organs receive stimuli from environment
2) Performer perceives stimuli and uses selective attention to filter relevant stimuli into short term memory
3) Relevant stimuli are compared to previous experiences in the long term memory
4) The most appropriate response is chosen and the brain sends information to the muscles to initiate the movement
5) The result of the action is stored in the long term memory
Whitings’ model:
1) Stimuli from the environment are detected by receptor systems which filter relevant stimuli into body boundary
2) Perceptual mechanism interprets the information from the display
3) Translatory mechanism uses gathered information to make a decision
4) Effector mechanism transfers decision via the nervous system to the muscles to complete the action
DCR:
1) Detection phase
2) Comparison phase
3) Recognition phase
1) Detection phase:
The process of registering the stimulus by the sense organ
2) Comparison phase:
The process of referring the stimulus to the memory to compare it the previously stored stimuli
3) Recognition phase:
The process of finding corresponding stimuli in the memory
