Personal Rule Flashcards
how did Charles I think england should be governed?
- god entrusted the King with the power to Rule
- Charles expected that total loyalty from his subjects
how did Parliament think england should be governed ?
- rule of law meant monarch had to respect certain rights
- monarch had to have Parliament’s approval to raise taxes
- King/Queen had to call parliament regularly to listen to the concerns of the political nation
- monarch had to comprimise with parliament
who were the nobility?
- wealthy/ sat in House of Lords in parliament
- huge estates for important nobles
- owned land
- held all political power
who were the Gentry?
- wealthy, but lower rank than nobles
- had estates
- local justice of peace /commanded local militia in times of war
- pay alot of upkeep of CHURCH
who were the Middling sort?
- similar status to gentry
- maintains law/ raise troops in war
- collected taxes
- referred to as ‘political nation’
who were the Puritans?
- lower ranks of the gentry
- protestants
- feel like local communities should run Church
- believed Churhces should be PLAIN , NO PIANTINGS , STATUES OR STAINED GLASS
who was Richard weston ?
lord treasurer
- respinsible for rasing money to run kingdom efficiently
tax raising methods ?
SHIP MONEY : one off tax king could take in emergency
TONNAGE/POUNDAGE: tax on exported/imported goods
DISTRAINT OF KNIGHTHOOD: fine on those who owned £40 worth property but werent knighted
problems with tax raising methods?
- methods were not used (bc society changed)
- ruthless efficiency of gathering taxes
- ppl believed he took persoanl power too far
who was
Sir Thomas Wentworth
Earl of strafford
- in charge of power
what did Sir Thomas Wentworth do?
1631- ‘book of orders’ gave him power to make official give regular reports to Kings governemnt - POLICY OF THOROUGH
1632 - Lord Deputy of Ireland - divide between protestant/catholic
- wentworth used own army and persuaded Irish to pay taxes
who was
William Laud
Archbishop of Canterbury
- religion
what did laud BELIEVE?
-disliked puritans - allowed anyone to preach
this stopped laud from controlling Churches
- disliked puritans becuase LACK OF RESPECT (moved altar to centre)/ thought they could speak to God directly so no need for PRIEST
THOUGHT PURITANS CORRUPTED CHURCH OF ENGLAND /UNDERMINE KING’S CONTROL
What were Laud’s religious reforms?
initiated series of refroms to combat PURITAN’S changes
- appointed Armanians as BISHOPS - carried out ‘insitations’ to inspect churches/reforms
1630s
what were the reactions to charles’ I and Lauds religious policies?
- gentry approved of reforms - disliked puritans
- felt it strengthened authority in church
- some didnt like reforms and wanted to return to Catholism
date of short parliament?
April 1640
date of long parliament?
Nov 1640- dec 1648
eg of Laud’s religious reforms?
- move altar to east of church
- training preists
- all priests had to conduct services according to BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER- avoided puritans preaching what they want
why did Charles clash with Parliament in 1625-29?
1: went to war in Spain 1625
- MPs started to disagree with the cost/ way the war was run by Charles’ adviser - Duke of Buckingham
- MPs threatened to put Buckingham on trial 1626 so Charles DISSOLVED PARLIAMENT
2: 1927 - needed moeny so used FORCED LOANS
- landlords, MPs refused to pay (in prison without trial) - aka FIVE KNIGHTS
- 1628, still short of money so forced to RECONEVENE PARLAIMENT
- the FIVE KNIGHTS case angered MPs and forced Charles to sign Petiton of right - cant raise money without parliaments approval
- dissolved parliament again in 1629
explain why charles I called long parliament in 1640.
-
financial struggle - Short parliament didnt give him funds to raise new armies unless he delt with their grievances - dissolved short parliament
- needed money after Second Bishop’s War as they captured newcastle -
religion - didnt like religous reforms so ppl were critical of charles
- caused the Bishop’s war as Charles tried to supress puritanism , so scots invaded - leads to financial crisis
