Modern Warfare pt 2. Flashcards
type of war
The world wars
Defence and war between nations
first world war –> 37+ million killed/wounded
- total war - troops/civillians ivolved - needed on firing line / help economy
- triple entente and triple alliance caused conflict
second world war –> 80 mill casualties
- fighting due to ideology (Hitler was anti communist) / wanted empire in E.Europe
attotudes and responses
The world wars
SUPPORT - public support due to fear of invasion
TAXES - had to borrow alot of money from others
STRENGTH - british empire expanded
PROPAGANDA - get ppl in armed forces
impact on ppl/gov
The world wars
direct: FOOD SHORTAGE - German U boats sunk Britain’s boats with wheat
- women replaced male farmers - Women’s Land Army
psychological : MILITARY suffered casulaties including bombings
indirect : MINI economic depression - strikes for women’s better pay /equal wages
cultural : RESPRESENTATION OF PEOPLE ACT - helps women voting rights (1918)
- NHS /welfare state created
gov : DORA (defence of realm act) - added alot of restiction on ppl’s lives
e.g censored newspapers/ rationing / close pubs early
- gov got stronger
-
type of war
the cold war
defence and between nations
- USA vs USSR
- difference in ideologies - caused divide (each want power)
attitudes and responses
The cold war
support - some supported , but some didnt bc different ideology
propaganda - pamphlets and films created to show threat
- BR created nuclear arsenal as deterent to soviet missiles
- emergency powers given to army and underground bunkers to protetc gov/military officers
impacts on ppl/gov
cold war
CULTURAL - anti-russian feeling - anxious at threat of nuclear war - newspapers showed communist lives badly
- creation of JAMES BOND - show BR as heroic
PSYCHOLOGICAL - fear of bombing
- scared of espionage - soviet had maps of Britain to plan attacks
type of war
The troubles
series of marches to challenge **discrimination against catholics **
- homes burnt
- cathoics fought back so BR gov sent troops
- catholics fought back and IRA tried to kill many BR troops - terrorism to force UK gov to give up in N.I
JULY 1970 - 4 protestants killed in gun battle against IRA
- Army sent on search for IRA weapons
- 30 yrs of Geurilla Warefare began- IRA kill ppl/target army
1972 - army shot 13 unarmed demonstrators - BLOODY SUNDAY 1984 - IRA nearly succeeded in killing PM thatcher
1990S - GOV/ Sein Fein meetings improved relations
1994 - Ceasefire came into force
1998 - good friday agreement- end of troubles
attitudes and responses
The troubles
late 1960s - northern ireland civil rights asociation march to challenge discrimination against catholics
- loyalists attack them - RVC (POLICE) DO NOTHING
- Turns to ‘secretarian’ violence
- gov send army to police region
impact on people and gov
The troubles
direct - 3500 deaths
indirect - underground closing due to bombs
psychological - fear of terrorism/bombing
GOV :
gov got weaker - couldnt solve troubles
protests - rebellions from catholics
type of war
The Iraq war
In 2002, Saddam Hussein (pres of Iraq) accused of making weapons of mas destruction
- had to either let inpsectors see themselves or face consequcnes
- US pres wanted to invade to get rid of weapons: GEORGE W. BUSH - us pres (2002-2009) claimed the Resolution in 1941 allowed him to invade iraq to removed hussein from power
- Blair (UK pm 1997-2007) agreed and joined him as part of BR/US ‘special relations’
- Blair won agreement and parliament voted in favour of war (412:149)
- MARCH 21ST 2003 - IRAQ WAR BEGINS
opportunism, defence,war between nations
attitudes and responses
The Iraq war
Hussein removed from power/executed
- insurgents used guerilla warefare tactics amd NO WMDs found
SUPPORT : 70% OF BR in favour of war
- ruins blair’s reputation
impacts on ppl/gov
The Iraq war
DIRECT : between 2003-07:
- 4000 allied casualties
- 18000 insurgent casualties
- 100,000 civillians killed
CULTURAL: millions of refugees - led to cultural divisions (BREXIT)
- triggered more terrorism /made britain a target
gov : GOV : less trust in gov
PROTESTS - during and after war
type of war
terrorist threats
7th July 2005 - attack in London - 4 islamist militants carried explosive and detonated them in suicide attacks ( 700 injured, 52 killed)
2017 - Westminster Bridge attack - hit by van who tried to get into Houses of pariament
2017 - Manchester arena attack - Ariana Grande concert
- 2 commited suicide
2021 : Sir David Arness MP murdered
( some use religion to justify actions)
defence , religion
attitudes and responses
terrorist threats
SUPPORT: after attacks in 2005, extra security checks in airports , stations and sea ports
- islamist terrorsim caused negative attutdes to muslims (91% of Muslim coverage was negative)
- proposed national identity card in 2004 - 80% pop accepted idea
impact on ppl/gov
terrorist threats
DIRECT,INDIRECT PSYCHOLOGICAL : scared people
- killed families
- attacked communities
CULTURAL : more security
- ppl have common enemy
gov : looks weaker- couldnt stop attacks
- public criitical of gov
