Kenilworth Castle

Question 1

who was first to own Kenilworth and when?

Answer 1

Geoffrey de clinton/ 1120s

Question 2

what did Geofrey de clinton add to the castel?

Answer 2

stone tower (keep)
Causeway- dam
Mere - large pond for military purposes

Question 3

features/purpose of stone tower?

Answer 3

• used for defense
• dates back to 1124
• walls are 4.3m thick/9m roof span

Question 4

who claimed Kenilworth after Geoffrey de Clinton and what changes did he make?

Answer 4

King John - (1199-1216)
- added OUTER BAILEY WALLS
- EXPANDED MERE
- BUILT MORTIMER’S TOWER - main entrance
- LUNN’S TOWER (fish tailed arrow slits/ upper residence chambers)

Question 5

how much did King john spend on kenilworth castle?

Answer 5

£1115

Question 6

after King John who was Kenilworth passed to ? What did he add to the castle?

Answer 6

his son , Henry III
- gives it to his best friend/bro in law SIMON DE MONTFORD in 1244
- added BRAYS (protects outer end of dam)

Question 7

what is the Battle of Evesham and when was it?

Answer 7

1265
King henry 3rd’s forces fight rebel barons led by Simon de Montford - he was killed in battle
- his son , Simon de Montford the Younger retrerated to Kenilworth

Question 8

what was the Seige of Kenilworth and when was it?

Answer 8

1266
- simon the younger , promised to surrender castle to Henry but supporter refused
- King Henry’s messenger came back to royal camp with severed hand , henry opted for seige 21st JUNE 1266

Question 9

how did they fight in the seige of 1266?

Answer 9

• royal forces set up STONE THROWING MACHINES to north/south across the MERE (stone balls of 140kg catapulted 320m)
• starvation/disease ended the seige on 14th sept 1266

Question 10

who was Thomas and what did his son change in Kenilworth?

Answer 10

Henry III’s grandson
added:
- NEW HALL - 1313-1314
- 500acres to chase/commisioned the WATER TOWER (provided accomodation for officials/servants)
- NEW CHAPEL - 1314-1322

Question 11

who was John of Gaunt what did he add to castle?

Answer 11

thomas’ brother’s son in law - took Kenilworth in 1361
GREAT HALL –> symbol of welath/regal status
(used for feasting/big events in 1373-80)
GAUNT’S TOWER- audience chamber for important ppl to dine

Question 12

what did Henry VIII add to kenilworth?

Answer 12

LODGING RANGE between stone tower/john of Gaunt’s state apartments
1540

Question 13

Who was Kenilworth under in 1500s?

Answer 13

John Dudley -1553

Question 14

what did John Dudley add to Kenilworth?

Answer 14

• NEW STABLES
• WIDENED TOP OF DAM
• REMODELLED GALLERY TOWER
• REMODELLED HENRY VIII LODGINGS
• REMODELLED HALL - to put his paintings

Question 15

why was Kenilworth slighted in 1650?

Answer 15

• dudley died 1588
• family fought over who’d own kenilworth
• King charles I owned it 20yrs later
• ENGLISH CIVIL WAR 1642-46

Question 16

what did Henry V commission? and when?

Answer 16

Pleasance of the marsh
- private place to relax
1417

Question 17

English Civil war ?

Answer 17

1642-46
- Oct 1642, Charles I withdrew Royalist Garrison from Kenilworth
- then occupied by parliamentarians
- until 1648, after Charles I was imprisoned - Parliament destroying all former Royalist Strongholds
- Henry Carey, 2nd Earl of Monmouth, petitioned it be slighted

Question 18

what did Joseph Hawkesworth chnage in Kenilworth?

Answer 18

Josheph Hawkesworth oversaw the detruction of kenilworth during slighting, and was repayed for his service in the war , by being given kenilworth
- converted leicester’s gatehouse into residence
- built extension , more accom

Question 19

what happened to gatehouse later on?

Answer 19

• became house for farm
• hawkesworth and officers divided esate into farms for themselves

Question 20

what happened to Hawkesworth in 1660

Answer 20

got evicted in restauration of charles I