8mk questions PAPER 2 Flashcards
explain why Kings and barons clashed in the early medieval period ?
- Feudal obligations
- barons were loyal/gave military service to King, and king give land
- dispoutes due to extent of obligations (Baron’s war) - stephen and the barons
How did barons work with kings in medieval period?
- feudalism - provide military service /loyalty, for land in return
- also protect King from threats - financial support - wealthy so lent money to king for financial support in war time , as well as food and supplies
why did the civil war cause such heavy casualties?
- used traditional tactics involving infantry / cavalry - used more modern fighting tactics , as it was a time of transition from feudal warfare
- prolonged period of time , with several battles –> soldiers exposed to alot of danger/stress
- the added brutality - massacres in drogheda
what caused lawlessness on Anglo-Scottish borders?
- economic hardship –> borders were rural and poor
- hardship led to raiding and theft /desperation
- culture of border reiving was atradition of raiding - Geographical Factors: rugged terrain, dense forests, and a lack of effective natural boundaries
- difficult to exert control and enforce the law consistently. The geographical challenges provided opportunities for raiding, smuggling, and other illicit activities.
how did popular opinion effect Boer war?
- increased support for war in BR
- seen as a way to assert power/ get back what’s theirs in south africa
- increased recruitment - by propaganda - humanitarian concerns
- poor treatment of boers - protest and campaigns
- led to desire for resolution
how did popular opinion effect the crimean war?
- pressure for war - press portrayed Russia as threat, so made public support war
- more pressure to get involved - critcise gov policies
- began to turn against war due to poor handling of war
- poor medical care for soldiers
what was britain fighting for in the world wars?
- Protect allies - Triple entente and Triple Alliance (Austria,germany,italy) - a small conflict can cause big war bc heavily armed
- economic interests - protect economic interests/ prevent germany from controlling european markets
- challenge Germany - britain more concerned about Germany under control of Wilhelm II bc wanted to increase armed forces /empire
how did post war conflicts affect britain?
- NHS/ welfare state created
- included education act 1944 - 1928 representation of people act - recognised more people and more voting rights
- extended voting rights to women over 21
why did the public support gov policies in the cold war?
- perceived threat to national security
- belived policies were vital for protection - newspapers shows communist atrocities - showed how bad life was under communism
- made ppl support policies in order to stop it spreading
explain how monarchs tried to fund wars?
- taxes - Tax raising methods/ in seven years’ war
- loans - borrowed money in Napoleonic wars to pay for war - gov loans
- seizure of resources - got alot of wealth from colonies
- Crimean war - seized resources to pay for
explain why feudal relationship between King and barons broke down in reign of king stephen
- Law and order broke down /barons exploited this
- led to barons making own agreements/gaining wealth - barons fault - made own agreements without Matilda/Stephen
- built up now power/seized lands and strengthened castles
explain why normans were able to hold on to england after 1066?
- feudalism - helped consolidate is control
- each area controlled by a baron/his knights with their network of castles - castles - soldiers could control surrounding areas of castles/stop invasion
- reinforced authority
why did monarchs find it increasingly difficult to pay for wars between 1290-1450?
HUNDRED YRS WAR
1. have to pay for transport of soldiers/ for war
2. plague - less ppl to pay taxes and peasants had to pay - national struggle
how did the world wars change the relationship between people and government?
- FIRST WORLD WAR - attitude that gov shouldnt interfere with lives of ppl changed as they introduced reforms to protect children,elderly,unemployed
- so ppl accepted gov’s control during war (DORA,changing clocks,close pubs early,rationing)
- gov also saw that ppl should be recogcnised for efforts - representation of people act - SECOND WORLD WAR - welfare state created on July 1945
- General election 1945 meant labour won so introduced NHS - provided employment
medieval wars
viking raids
norman conquest
anarchy
king john and barons
Edward I
hundred years war
