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Haematology > Peripheral Blood Film > Flashcards

Peripheral Blood Film Flashcards

1
Q

What are acanthocytes?

A

spicules on RBCs due to unstable RBC membraen lipid structure

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2
Q

What are the causes of acanthocytes?

A

splenectomy; alcoholic liver disease; abetalipoproteinaemia; spherocytosis

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3
Q

What is anisocytosis?

A

variation in RBC size

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4
Q

When is anisocytosis seen?

A

megaloblastic anaemia; thalassaemia; IDA

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5
Q

What is basophilic RBC stippling?

A

denatured RNA foudn in RBCs indicating acclereated erythropoiesis or defected Hb synthesis

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6
Q

What conditions can cause basophilic RBC stippling?

A

lead poisoning; megaloblastic anaemia; myelodysplasia; liver disease; haemologinopath

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7
Q

What are blasts?

A

nucleated precursor cells

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8
Q

What are Burr cells (echinocytes)?

A

RBC projections but less marked than in acanthocytes

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9
Q

What causes Burr cells?

A

liver or renal failure

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10
Q

When are Cabot rings seen?

A

pernicious anaemia; lead poisoning; bad infections

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11
Q

What are howell-jolly bodies/

A

DNA nuclear remnants in RBCs normally removed by the spleen

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12
Q

What is left shift?

A

immature neutrophils released from the marrow

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13
Q

What are the causes of hypochromia?

A

IDA; thalassaemia; sideroblastic anaemia

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14
Q

What are pappenheimer bodies?

A

granules of siderocytes containing iron

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15
Q

When are pappenheimer bodies seen?

A

lead poisoning; carcinomatosis; post-splenectomy

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16
Q

What is poikilocytosis?

A

variation in RBC shape

17
Q

When is poikilocytosis seen?

A

IDA; myelofibrosis; thalassameia

18
Q

What is right shift?

A

hyper mature white cells, hypersegmented polymorphs

19
Q

When is right shift seen?

A

megaloblastic anaemia; uraemia; liver disease

20
Q

What is rouleaux formation?

A

red cells stack on each other causing raised ESR

21
Q

What causes rouleaux formation?

A

chronic inflammation; paraproteinaemia; myelom

22
Q

What are schistocytes?

A

fragmented RBCs sliced by fibrin bands in intravascular haemolysis

23
Q

When conditions are spherocytes found in?

A

hereditary spherocytosis; AI haemolytic anaemia

24
Q

What are target cells?

A

RBCs with central staining; ring of pallor and outer rim of staining

25
Q

when are target cells seen?

A

liver disease; hyposplenism; thalassamiea; IDA

26
Q

When are tear-drop RBCs seen?

A

extramedullary haematopoiesis

Haematology (29 decks)

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