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Haematology > Chapter 10: The Spleen > Flashcards

Chapter 10: The Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

What arteries does the splenic artery divide into?

A

trabecular arteries

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2
Q

What vessels do the trabecular arteries give rise to?

A

central arterioles

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3
Q

How do the majority of central arterioles end?

A

in cords

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4
Q

What are cords?

A

lack an endothelial lining and form an open blood system

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5
Q

what cells line the cords?

A

fibroblasts and macrophages

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6
Q

How does blood re-enter the circulation after passing through the cords?

A

crosses into the venous sinuses

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7
Q

What do the cords and sinuses collectively form?

A

red pulp

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8
Q

What lies directly around the central arterioles?

A

periarteriolar lymphatic sheath

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9
Q

what is the periarteriolar lymphatic sheath equivalent to in the lymph node?

A

T zone

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10
Q

What is foudn adjacent to the PALS?

A

B cell follicles

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11
Q

What surrounds the B cell follicles in the spleen?

A

marginal and perifollicular zones

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12
Q

what is found in the marginal and perifollicular zones?

A

macrophages and dendritic cells

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13
Q

What can be seen on blood film with splenic atrophy?

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (nuclear remnants); siderotic granules (pappenheimer bodies); misshapen cells

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14
Q

What is the B-cell receptor?

A

a membrane-bound immunoglobulin and binds to a specific antigen

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15
Q

What does binding of the B-cell receptor cause?

A

activationg of PI3K-production of PIP3 and activation of Bruton tyrosine kinase to induce AKT (anti-apoptotic, pro-survival kinase)

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16
Q

What are the two types of T cell antigen receptor heterodimers?

A

alpha-beta or gamma-delta

17
Q

What are NK cells?

A

cytotoxic CD8 cells which lack the T cell receptor

18
Q

What surface molecules do NK cells typically express?

A

CD16 (Fc receptor); CD56 and CD57

19
Q

What surface molecules do B cells typically express?

A

CD19 and CD20

20
Q

What surface molecules do T cell typically express?

A

CD3 and CD7

21
Q

what is the difference between B cells foudn in germinal centre/follicle compared to their surrounding mantle zone?

A

more mature B cells are foundi nthe mantel zone

22
Q

What is the function of NK cells?

A

kill target cells that have a low expression of HLA class I eg viral infection of malignant cells

23
Q

What surface marker is foudn on pre-B cells?

A

CD9

24
Q

What surface marker is found on precurosr B cells?

A

CD10

25
Q

What is the antigen binding immunoglobulin on B cells associated with?

A

CD79

26
Q

What are the leukaemias characterised by?

A

accumulation of malignant white blood cells in the bone marrow and blood

Haematology (29 decks)

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