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Haematology > Cytotoxic Therapy > Flashcards

Cytotoxic Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the essential message behind Loeb’s rules of therapeutics?

A

don’t make the treatment worse than the disease

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2
Q

What are the general characteristics of cell cycle specific agents?

A

relatively tumour specific; duration of exposure is more importantn than dose

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3
Q

What are the types of cell cycle specific agents?

A

antimetabolites; mitotic spindle inhibitors

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4
Q

How do antimetabolites work?

A

impair nucleotide synhthesis/incorporation

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5
Q

What is the MOA of methotrexate?

A

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

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6
Q

How does 6-Mercaptopurine work?

A

incorporates in DNA

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7
Q

How does hydroxyurea work?

A

impaired deoxynucleotide synthesis by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase

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8
Q

What is an example of a mitotic spindle inhibitor?

A

vinca alkaloids eg vincristine

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9
Q

What are the general characteristics of non-cell cycle agents?

A

non-tumour specific, damage normal sstem cells; cumulative dose more important than duration

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10
Q

Waht is the MOA of alykylating agents?

A

bind covalently to bases of DNA which produces DNA strand breaks by free radical production

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11
Q

What are examples of platinum derivatives?

A

cis-platinum or carboplatin

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12
Q

Give examples of alkylating agents?

A

chlorambucil and melphalan

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13
Q

Give an example of a cytotoxic antibiotic?

A

anthracyclines

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14
Q

How do cytotoxic antibodies work?

A

impair RNA transcription

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15
Q

waht are the immediate general SE of cytotoxic drugs?

A

bone marrow suppression; gut mucosal damage; alopecia

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16
Q

What is a specific SE of vinca alkaloids?

A

neuropathy

17
Q

What is a specific SE of anthracyclines?

A

cardiomyopathy

18
Q

what is a specific SE of cis-platinum?

A

nephrotoxicity

19
Q

What are the SE of alkylating agents?

A

infertility; secondary malignancy

20
Q

How does resistance to cyclophosphamide develop?

A

altered pro-drug metabolism

21
Q

How is cis-platinum resistance acheived?

A

increased DNA repair

22
Q

How is topoisomerase resistance generated?

A

altered gene expression

23
Q

What happens with absent of malfunctioning p53?

A

loss of control of apoptosis; senescence; cell-cycle regulation and DNA repair

24
Q

What is the dose-limiting effect of chemotherapy?

A

myelosuppression

Haematology (29 decks)

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