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Haematology > Haemopoiesis > Flashcards

Haemopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the producion of platelets known as?

A

thrombopoieisis

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2
Q

what is the function of platelets?

A

primary haemostasis

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3
Q

What is the lifespan of RBCs?

A

120 days

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4
Q

Waht is the lifespan of neutrophils?

A

7-8 hours

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5
Q

What is thel ifespan of platelets?

A

7-10days

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6
Q

What is the units for red cells?

A

x10^12/L

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7
Q

What are the units for platelets and neutrophils?

A

x10^9/L

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8
Q

What is a blast?

A

nucleated precursor cell

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9
Q

What is special about megakaryocytes?

A

polyploid nucleus which can divide without dividing the cyoplasm

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10
Q

What is a myelocyte?

A

nucleated precursor between neutrophils and blasts

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11
Q

What condition are there increased numbers of myelocytes?

A

chronic myeloid leukaemia

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12
Q

What happens when a haemopoeitic progenitor cell dvidies?

A

produces 2 daughter cells, but one of them is identical to parent cell= self-renewal

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13
Q

What is self-renewal?

A

a property of stem cells, lost in descendents

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14
Q

During steady-state haemopoiesis what happens to stem cells?

A

quiescent/dormant

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15
Q

What can myeloid mean?

A

marrow; lineage (non-lymphoid); granulocytes and precurosors

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16
Q

What germ layer are haemopoeitic stem cells derived from?

A

mesoderm

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17
Q

What is the first site of erythroid activity in the fetus

A

yolk sac

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18
Q

When does yolk sac haemopoiesis stop

A

week 10

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19
Q

When does liver haemopoeisis begin?

A

week 6

20
Q

When does splenic haemopoiesis begin?

A

week 12

21
Q

When does bone marrow haemopoiesis begin?

A

week 16

22
Q

What bones does haemopoiesis take place in adults?

A

vertebra; sternum; rib; prox parts of long bones; skull (axial skeleton)

23
Q

What are the two types of bone?

A

trabecular and cortical

24
Q

What is the interface of bone and bone marrow?

A

endosteum

25
Q

What non-haemopoetic cells are found within the bone marrow?

A

adipocytes; fibroblasts; osteoclasts; osteoblasts

26
Q

what is the function of haemopoietic cells within the bone marrow?

A

produce cytokines to influence haemopoeissi

27
Q

How does bone marrow get its blood supply?

A

nutrient artery and periosteal network

28
Q

What do arterioles in the bone marrow drain into?

A

sinuses

29
Q

What is the difference between capillariesand sinsuses?

A

sinuses are larger and have a diconstinous basement membrane

30
Q

What other organs aside from bone marrow have sinusoids?

A

liver and spleen

31
Q

What is the function of the fenestrations between endothelial cells in sinuses?

A

allow produced blood cells in circulation

32
Q

What is release of red cells associated with?

A

sinusoidal dilatation; increased blood flow

33
Q

How do neutrophils reach the sinusoid?

A

activtrly migrate by chemotaxis

34
Q

What is the relationship between megakaryocytes and sinusoids?

A

extend long branching processes called proplatelets into vessels

35
Q

What is the difference between red and yellow bone marrow?

A

red is haemopoieticall active whereas yellow marrow is fatty and inactive

36
Q

How is % marrow cellularity calculated?

A

100-age = cellularity %

37
Q

What is the normal myeloid:erythroid ratio?

A

myeloid precursors are higher due to shorter lifespan than red cell precursors

38
Q

When may the myeloid:erythroid ratio change?

A

during haemolysis

39
Q

How is haemopoiesis regulated?

A

intrinsic properties of cells eg transcription factors unique to certain cells; signals from microenvironment can influence intrinsic cell properties

40
Q

Why does erythroid maturation occur around nurse macrophage islands?

A

macrophage provides growth factors nutrients for development

41
Q

What is the neutrophil and its maturation regulated by?

A

granulocyte-colony stimulating factor

42
Q

What hormone regulates megakaryocytes?

A

thrombopoietin

43
Q

What is name for the anatomical site which haemopoietic stem cells occupy?

A

niche

44
Q

What is the function of the niche?

A

provides signal for expansion; differention or dormancy aroudn vasculature- different cytokines

45
Q

How can precursor cells be investigated?

A

bonw marrow aspirate or biospy

46
Q

How is haemopoeisis of morphologically indistinguishable cells assessed?

A

immunophenotyping and cytochemistry

47
Q

What is immunophenotyping?

A

identifying patterns of antigen expression unique to a cell lineage using antibodies specific to different antigens

Haematology (29 decks)

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