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Haematology > Macrocytosis and Macrocytic anaemia > Flashcards

Macrocytosis and Macrocytic anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is a difficulty with measuring ferritin?

A

is an acute phase protein so raised in infection

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2
Q

What is macrocytic anaemia?

A

anaemia in which the red cells have a larger than normal volume

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3
Q

What is the units of MCV?

A

femtolitres

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4
Q

What are the causes of macrocytosis?

A

megaloblastic and non-megalobastic

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5
Q

What is a normoblast?

A

normal red cell precursor with a nucleus

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6
Q

What is the loss of the nucleus in precursors regulated by?

A

Hb content

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7
Q

what is a megaloblast?

A

abnormally large nucleated red cell precursor with an immature nucleus

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8
Q

what are megaloblastic anaemias characterised by?

A

defects in DNA synthesis and nuclear maturation with relative preservation of RNA and haemoglobin syhnthesis

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9
Q

What are the causes of megaloblastic anaemia?

A

B12 deficiency; folate deficiency; drugs; inhierited abnormalities

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10
Q

Why does B12 and folate deficiency cause megaloblastic anaemia?

A

essential co-factors for nuclear maturation

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11
Q

What is the folate cycle important for?

A

nucleoside synthesis- uridine–thymidine conversion

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12
Q

what is pernicious anaemia?

A

autoimmune condition with resulting destruction of gastric parital cells

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13
Q

How long do body stores of B12 last?

A

2-4years

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14
Q

What are the causes of folate deficiency?

A

inadequate intake; malabsorption; excess utilisation- haemolysis; exfoliating dermatitis; pregnanyc; maligannt; anticonvulsants

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15
Q

What are the signs of B12 and folate deficiency?

A

weight loss; diarrhoea; infertility; sore tongue; jaundice; developmental

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16
Q

What part of the spinal cord is most affected with B12 deficiency?

A

dorsal column abnormalities

17
Q

What is seen on blood film with megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia?

A

macrovalocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils

18
Q

What are the causes of non-megaloblastic macrocytosis that may not be associated with anaemia?

A

alcohol; liver disease; hypothyroidism

19
Q

What are the non-,egaloblastic macrocytosis associated with anaemia?

A

myelodysplasia; myeloma; aplastic anaemia

20
Q

What is spurious macrocytosis?

A

size of mature RBC is normal but the MCV is measured as high

21
Q

What causes spurious macrocytosis?

A

reticulocytosis due to haemolysis; col-agglutinins which are registered as 1 giant cell

22
Q

Why may patients with pernicious anaemia appear jaundiced?

A

intramedullary haemolysis

Haematology (29 decks)

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