Malignant haematology and acute leukaemia Flashcards
What type of cell is glycophorin A foudn on?
red cells
What cell has myeloperoxidase ?
neutrophils
What is malignant haemopoiesis characterised by?
increased numbers of abnormal and dysfunctional cells with loss of normal activity
What normal activity is typically lost with leukaemias?
haemopoiesis
What normal activity is typically lost with lymphomas?
immune function
What is malignant haemopoiesis usually due to?
increased proliferation; lack of differentiation; lack of maturation or lack of apoptosis
What is the difference between the haemopoieisis defects between acute and chronic myeloid leukameia?
acute myeloid lekamia- proliferation of abnormal progenitors with block in differentiation/maturation whereas in chronic- no differentiaion/maturation block
What is a driver mutation?
somatic muation in a regulatory gene which confers a grwoth advantage on the cells and are selected during evolution of cancer
what is a passenger mutation?
dont confer growth advantage but happened to be present in an ancestor of the cancer cell when it acquired a driver mutation
What is the classic difference between leukaemia and lyphoma?
leukaemia is blood involvement whereas lymphoma is lymph nodes
What are features of histological aggression?
large cells with high NC ratio; prominent nucleoli, rapid proliferation
What is acute leukaemia?
rapidly progressive clonal malignancy of the marrow/blood with maturation defects
What is acute leukaemia defined as?
excess of blasts (>20%) in either the peripheral blood or bone marrow
What is acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?
malignant disease of primitive lymphoid cells (lymphoblasts)
What is the most common childhood cancer?
ALL
