Periodontal Disease Flashcards
What factors determine the reason one patient develops periodontal disease?
Age Species Breed Genetics Chewing behavior Diet Grooming habits Orthodontic occlusion Health status Home Care Frequency of professional dental care Bacterial flora of the oral cavity
What is an inflammation and infection of the tissues surrounding the tooth?
Periodontal disease
Periodontal disease is characterized by what?
The movement of the gingival margin toward the apex and migration of the attached gingiva with associated loss of the periodontal ligament and bone surrounding the tooth
What organs are most susceptible to infection from bacteria from the infected tissues?
Lungs
Kidneys
Liver
What glycoprotein component of saliva attaches to the tooth surface and only takes 20 minutes to form?
Acquired pellicle
About how long after the formation of the pellicle do bacteria start to colonize the tooth surface?
6 to 8 hours
The bacterial layer on the tooth surface is known as what?
Plaque
The bacteria that are attached to the tooth absorb calcium from saliva and become calcified. What is this new substance known as?
Tartar or calculus
The healthy gingival flora is made up of what kind of bacteria?
Gram-positive aerobic bacteria
As periodontal disease progresses, what kind of bacteria begin to colonize the tooth surface?
Gram-negative
What is known as an aggregate of bacterial colonies protected by a polysaccharide complex?
Biofilm
What is important in the control of periodontal disease?
The disruption of biofilm
What species of bacteria is associated with progressive periodontitis in dogs?
Porphyromonas spp.
What is considered the worst type of plaque?
The type that infiltrates the gingiva itself
How does the patient respond to periodontal disease?
The WBCs produce antibodies to stimulate other cells to come attack bacteria
What happens as inflammation continues?
The gingiva loosens from the tooth
What is the result of the gingiva separating from the tooth?
A space between the tooth and gingiva develops known as the pocket
What indicates the beginning of disease?
Loss of tissue and bone support
What happens if the patient is not treated and the disease is allowed to progress?
Deeper pockets form
What happens when there is no gingival epithelial to form an attachment?
The gingiva begins to recede
The furcation begins to be exposed in multirooted teeth
What is classified by depth?
Furcation
Class 1 furcation is classified as what?
Exposure less than 1 mm
Class 2 furcation is classified as what?
Greater than 1 mm but fully through
Class 3 furcation is classified as what?
Complete furcation exposure
The probe is able to pass through the furcation
The relationship between periodontal disease and systemic health is well recognized through studying the relationship between periodontal disease and other systemic diseases through the response of what?
A protein known as C-reactive protein
What is the most common client report as their pet’s periodontal disease progresses and is one of the first signs of the disease?
Halitosis
What is noted on the initial oral examination?
Red, inflamed gingiva
Bleeding gingiva
Plaque and calculus
Does the amount of plaque and calculus correspond to the degree of periodontal disease present?
No, not always
What is another test for periodontal disease?
OraStrip
OraStrip is used to test for thiols. What is thiols?
The presence of thiols indicates the presence of periodontal disease
Do thiols stage periodontal disease?
No
When performing the OraStrip test, what does a numerical result of 1 or above associate with?
An active periodontal disease
