Periodontal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What factors determine the reason one patient develops periodontal disease?

A
Age
Species
Breed
Genetics
Chewing behavior
Diet
Grooming habits
Orthodontic occlusion
Health status
Home Care
Frequency of professional dental care
Bacterial flora of the oral cavity
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2
Q

What is an inflammation and infection of the tissues surrounding the tooth?

A

Periodontal disease

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3
Q

Periodontal disease is characterized by what?

A

The movement of the gingival margin toward the apex and migration of the attached gingiva with associated loss of the periodontal ligament and bone surrounding the tooth

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4
Q

What organs are most susceptible to infection from bacteria from the infected tissues?

A

Lungs
Kidneys
Liver

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5
Q

What glycoprotein component of saliva attaches to the tooth surface and only takes 20 minutes to form?

A

Acquired pellicle

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6
Q

About how long after the formation of the pellicle do bacteria start to colonize the tooth surface?

A

6 to 8 hours

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7
Q

The bacterial layer on the tooth surface is known as what?

A

Plaque

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8
Q

The bacteria that are attached to the tooth absorb calcium from saliva and become calcified. What is this new substance known as?

A

Tartar or calculus

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9
Q

The healthy gingival flora is made up of what kind of bacteria?

A

Gram-positive aerobic bacteria

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10
Q

As periodontal disease progresses, what kind of bacteria begin to colonize the tooth surface?

A

Gram-negative

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11
Q

What is known as an aggregate of bacterial colonies protected by a polysaccharide complex?

A

Biofilm

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12
Q

What is important in the control of periodontal disease?

A

The disruption of biofilm

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13
Q

What species of bacteria is associated with progressive periodontitis in dogs?

A

Porphyromonas spp.

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14
Q

What is considered the worst type of plaque?

A

The type that infiltrates the gingiva itself

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15
Q

How does the patient respond to periodontal disease?

A

The WBCs produce antibodies to stimulate other cells to come attack bacteria

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16
Q

What happens as inflammation continues?

A

The gingiva loosens from the tooth

17
Q

What is the result of the gingiva separating from the tooth?

A

A space between the tooth and gingiva develops known as the pocket

18
Q

What indicates the beginning of disease?

A

Loss of tissue and bone support

19
Q

What happens if the patient is not treated and the disease is allowed to progress?

A

Deeper pockets form

20
Q

What happens when there is no gingival epithelial to form an attachment?

A

The gingiva begins to recede

The furcation begins to be exposed in multirooted teeth

21
Q

What is classified by depth?

A

Furcation

22
Q

Class 1 furcation is classified as what?

A

Exposure less than 1 mm

23
Q

Class 2 furcation is classified as what?

A

Greater than 1 mm but fully through

24
Q

Class 3 furcation is classified as what?

A

Complete furcation exposure

The probe is able to pass through the furcation

25
Q

The relationship between periodontal disease and systemic health is well recognized through studying the relationship between periodontal disease and other systemic diseases through the response of what?

A

A protein known as C-reactive protein

26
Q

What is the most common client report as their pet’s periodontal disease progresses and is one of the first signs of the disease?

A

Halitosis

27
Q

What is noted on the initial oral examination?

A

Red, inflamed gingiva
Bleeding gingiva
Plaque and calculus

28
Q

Does the amount of plaque and calculus correspond to the degree of periodontal disease present?

A

No, not always

29
Q

What is another test for periodontal disease?

A

OraStrip

30
Q

OraStrip is used to test for thiols. What is thiols?

A

The presence of thiols indicates the presence of periodontal disease

31
Q

Do thiols stage periodontal disease?

A

No

32
Q

When performing the OraStrip test, what does a numerical result of 1 or above associate with?

A

An active periodontal disease