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Dentistry > Equine Dentistry > Flashcards

Equine Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are problems associated with dental disease?

A 
Digestive problems
Drooling
Difficult Mastication
Decreased Athletic Performance
Behavioral Problems
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2
Q

What digestive problems are associated with dental disease?

A

Colic
Weight loss
Poor feed use

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3
Q

What are behavioral problems associated with dental disease?

A

Head tossing

Bar chewing

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4
Q

What is quidding?

A

Partially chewed feed spit out

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5
Q

What is the overall description of equine teeth?

A

Hypsodont

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6
Q

What lies beneath the gingival margin?

A

Large reserve crowns

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7
Q

The root structure allows for what?

A

Continual growth or eruption all or most of the animal’s lifetime

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8
Q

The cheek teeth in horses are what?

A

Premolars and molars

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9
Q

What is the function of horse incisors?

A

To shear off grass

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10
Q

What is the function of the cheek teeth?

A

They have wide, flat graveled surfaces that grind the feed before swallowing

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11
Q

How do horses chew?

A

Lateral excursion

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12
Q

What do milk teeth refer to?

A

Deciduous teeth

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13
Q

What are retained deciduous teeth, stuck on top of erupting permanent tooth called?

A

Caps

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14
Q

What is the chewing surface of the tooth called?

A

occlusive tables

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15
Q

What teeth are referred to as Wolf teeth

A

The first premolars

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16
Q

At what age are all permanent teeth erupted?

A

5 years

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17
Q

What is the angle between the lower and upper incisors known as?

A

Incisive arcade

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18
Q

What is the indentation in the occlusive table known as?

A

Cups

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19
Q

What is Galvayne’s groove?

A

The groove at the gum margin on the upper corner incisor

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20
Q

What is a smooth mouth?

A

Cups are absent

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21
Q

What is the dental formula of horses?

A

2x (3/3I, 1/1C, 3 or 4/3P, 3/3M)

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22
Q

What is the total number of teeth horses have?

A

Males have 40 or 42

Females have 36 to 40 teeth

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23
Q

How many teeth does a young horse have?uous teeth

A

24 deciduous teeth

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24
Q

What teeth do young horses have?

A

Milk teeth
12 incisors
12 molars

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25
Q

When does the 1st incisor erupts?

A

Birth to 1 week

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26
Q

When does the 2nd incisor erupt?

A

4-6 weeks

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27
Q

When do the 3rd incisors erupt?

A

6-9 months

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28
Q

When do the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd cheek teeth erupt?

A

birth to the first 2 weeks

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29
Q

When do the adult incisors erupt?

A

1st incisor: 2.5 years
2nd incisor: 3.5 years
3rd incisor: 4.5 years

30
Q

When do the adult canines erupt?

A

4-5 years

31
Q

When do the adult wolf teeth erupt?

A

6 to 9 months

32
Q

When do the adult cheek erupt?

A 
1st cheek teeth: 2.5 years
2nd cheek teeth: 3 years
3rd cheek teeth: 4 years
4th cheek teeth: 9-12 months
5th cheek teeth: 2 years
6th cheek teeth: 3.5-4 years
33
Q

Do all horses have wolf teeth?

A

No

15% of mares and 25% of males

34
Q

The wolf teeth are more commonly found on what?

A

THe maxilla

35
Q

What teeth are often extracted due to bit contact?

A

Wolf teeth

36
Q

What teeth are absent or rudimentary in mares?

A

Canine teeth

37
Q

Males usually have how many permanent canine teeth?

A

4

38
Q

What are canine teeth sometimes confused as

A

Wolf teeth

39
Q

Where are the canines located?

A

The diastema between the incisors and the cheek teeth

40
Q

In young horses, which teeth occupy much of the maxillary sinus?

A

4th premolar

1st, 2nd, 3rd molar

41
Q

How much do the adult cheek erupt per year?

A

2-3mm

42
Q

What is the Triadan numbering system for horses?

A 
Incisors = 1,2,3
Canines = 4
Wolf teeth = 5
Premolars = 6,7,8
Molars = 9, 10, 11
43
Q

How can incisors estimate age?

A

By wear patterns

44
Q

What incisor pattern is common in 5 year olds?

A

Flattened

45
Q

What is a common pattern for 7-year olds?

A

7-year hook in the corner maxillary incisor

46
Q

What shape do the incisors change to when the horse is around 9 years old?

A

Oval

47
Q

What shape do the incisors change to when the horse is between 9 and 15 years old?

A

Round

48
Q

What shape do the incisors change to when the horse is between 16 and 20 years old?

A

Triangle

49
Q

The angle of the incisors can indicate age. What angle do they take on when they are young?

A

Perpendicular

50
Q

What is the angle of the incisors when the horses get older?

A

Parallel

51
Q

What is a seven year hook?

A

There is an uneven wear of the upper corner incisor and a projection on its distal aspect

52
Q

What is a dark depression on the cup in the occlusal surface of the incisor

A

Infundibulum

53
Q

At what age does the cup disappear from the central, middle and corner incisors?

A

7 years
8 years
9 years

54
Q

What is a transverse dark line that is in front of the enamel spot?

A

The Dental Star

55
Q

At what age does the dental star arise in the central, middle, and corner incisors?

A

8 years
9 years
10 years

56
Q

What is another dental feature useful for aging older horses?

A

Galvayne’s groove

57
Q

Where is the Galvayne’s Groove located?

A

The lateral surface of the upper third incisor

58
Q

How old is the horse when the Galvayne’s groove has totally disappeared?

A

30 years old

59
Q

At what age does the Galvayne’s groove appear at the gum margin?

A

9 to 10 years

60
Q

What is one of the most important instruments for a horse mouth examination?

A

Full mouth speculum (McAllen and McPherson)

61
Q

What is the most common dental procedure performed in horses?

A

Floating

62
Q

What does floating entail?

A

The removal of sharp enamel points

63
Q

What is the angling and rounding the profile of both the upper and lower first cheek teeth in order to minimize bit contact with the teeth?

A

Bit seat

64
Q

Bit seats reduce what?

A

The amount of cheek and tongue that gets pinched into the teeth by the bit

65
Q

What is a diastema?

A

Impacted food inbetween the teeth

66
Q

What does EOTRH stand for?

A

Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis

67
Q

What teeth does EOTRH most commonly affect?

A

The incisors

Canine teeth can be severely involved

68
Q

What plays a role in the pathology and progression of EOTRH?

A

Chronic inflammation

69
Q

How is EOTRH diagnoses?

A

Clinical exam

Intraoral xrays

70
Q

How is EOTRH treated?

A

Extraction of the affected teeth

Dentistry (65 decks)

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