Orthodontic Disease

Question 1

Trauma during the tooth’s development or a genetic condition

Answer 1

An oral disease caused by the malalignment or malocclusion of teeth

Question 2

What causes malocclusion?

Answer 2

Dental malocclusion or skeletal malocclusion

Question 3

What are the three classes of malocclusion?

Answer 3

Dental malocclusions are class 1
Skeletal malocclusions are class 2 or class 3

Question 4

Patients with class 1 malocclusions have what?

Answer 4

Overall normal occlusions except one or more teeth are out of alignment

Question 5

What is the abbreviation for class 1 malocclusion?

Answer 5

MAL1

Question 6

Which type of class 1 malocclusion describes a tooth that is in its anatomically correct position in the dental arch but is abnormally angled in a DISTAL position?

Answer 6

Distroversion (MAL1/DV)

Question 7

Which type of class 1 malocclusion describes a tooth that is in its anatomically correct position in the dental arch but is abnormally angled in a MESIAL direction?

Answer 7

Mesioversion (MAL1/MV)

Question 8

Describe the class 1 orthodontic condition known as spearing canines?

Answer 8

The maxillary canines are tipped in a rostral position and trapped by the mandibular canines

Question 9

In what species do spearing canines usually occur?

Answer 9

Shelties and Persian cats

Question 10

Spearing is classified as what?

Answer 10

Buccoversion (MAL1/BV)

Question 11

What other type of class 1 malocclusion describes a tooth in its anatomically correct position in the dental arch but is abnormally angled in a LINGUAL direction?

Answer 11

Linguoversion (LV)

Question 12

What causes base-narrowed canines?

Answer 12

A structural narrowing of the mandible or by the eruption of the canines in an overly upright position

Question 13

What may base-narrowed canines cause?

Answer 13

Indentation into and ulceration of the hard palate or even perforation of the palate

Question 14

What type of class 1 malocclusion are base-narrowed canines considered?

Answer 14

Linguoversion (LV)

Question 15

What class 1 occlusion describes an incisor or canine tooth that is in its anatomically correct position in the dental arch but abnormally angled in a LABIAL direction?

Answer 15

Labioversion (LABV)

Question 16

What class 1 occlusion describes a PREMOLAR or MOLAR tooth that is in its anatomically correct position in the dental arch but abnormal angled in a BUCCAL direction?

Answer 16

Buccoversion (BV)

Question 17

What describes a malocclusion in which a mandibular tooth or teeth have a more buccal or labial position than the antagonist maxillary tooth?

Answer 17

Crossbite (XB)

Question 18

What term describes when one or more of the mandibular incisor teeth is labial to the opposing maxillary incisor teeth when the mouth is closed?

Answer 18

Rostral crossbite (CB/R)

Question 19

Is a rostral crossbite considered to be a normal occlusion?

Answer 19

Yes, except that one or more of the incisors are malaligned

Question 20

What is the treatment for rostral crossbite?

Answer 20

Extraction

Placement of an orthodontic appliance to move the maxillary teeth labially and the mandibular teeth lingually

Question 21

What is rostral crossbite similar to in human terminology?

Answer 21

Anterior crossbite

Question 22

What describes when one or more of the mandibular cheek teeth are buccal to the opposing maxillary cheek teeth when the mouth is closed?

Answer 22

Caudal crossbite (CB/C)

Question 23

How are the maxillary and mandibular premolars aligned in a caudal crossbite?

Answer 23

The maxillary premolars are lingual to the mandibular premolars or molars

Question 24

What term is caudal crossbite similar to in human terminology?

Answer 24

Posterior crossbite

Question 25

What occurs in a class 2 occlusion (MAL2)

Answer 25

The mandible is shorter than normal

Question 26

What does a class 2 occlusion cause?

Answer 26

The adult canines and incisors to penetrate the hard palate | Irritation and ulceration of the hard palate may result

Question 27

What is mandibular prognathism?

Answer 27

When the mandible is too long

Question 28

What does mandibular prognathism cause?

Answer 28

The mandibular incisors occlude labial to the maxillary incisors, which may cause excessive wear and injury to both teeth

Question 29

What is “excess freeway space”

Answer 29

When the mandible is bowed causing excess space between the premolars

Question 30

What is Maxillary brachygnathism?

Answer 30

A shortened maxilla

Question 31

What occurs with maxillary brachygnathism?

Answer 31

The maxillary teeth are rotated as a result of crowding

Question 32

What does maxillary brachygnathism cause in the mandible?

Answer 32

The mandible may be bowed, causing excess space between the upper and lower premolars

Question 33

What was Asymmetric Skeletal Malocclusion once called?

Answer 33

Wry bite | It was nonspecific so it is no longer used

Question 34

What does class 4 malocclusion (MAL4) cause?

Answer 34

The central incisors of the mandible and maxilla do not align evenly

Question 35

What may class 4 malocclusion be caused by?

Answer 35

An uneven mandibular lengths or by the failure of the maxilla to develop evenly

Question 36

How does Class 4 malocclusion occur?

Answer 36

May be genetic | May be caused by trauma to the bones durine development of the facial structure

Question 37

How is class 4 malocclusion treated?

Answer 37

Extraction of teeth | Placement of orthodontic appliance

Question 38

A type of asymmetric skeletal malocclusion is maxillary-mandibular asymmetry. This can occur in two different directions. What are they?

Answer 38

Rostrocaudal Side-to-side Dorsoventral

Question 39

Which maxillary-mandibular asymmetry occurs when the mandibular mesioclusion or distoclusion is present on one side of the face while the contralateral side retains normal dental alignment?

Answer 39

Rostrocaudal (MAL4/RC)

Question 40

Which maxillary-mandibular asymmetry occurs when there is a loss of the midline alignment of the maxilla and mandible?

Answer 40

Side-to-side direction (MAL4STS)

Question 41

Which maxillary-mandibular asymmetry results in an open bite that is defined as an abnormal vertical space between opposing dental arches when the mouth is closed?

Answer 41

Dorsoventral (MAL4/DV)