Orthodontic Disease Flashcards
Trauma during the tooth’s development or a genetic condition
An oral disease caused by the malalignment or malocclusion of teeth
What causes malocclusion?
Dental malocclusion or skeletal malocclusion
What are the three classes of malocclusion?
Dental malocclusions are class 1 Skeletal malocclusions are class 2 or class 3
Patients with class 1 malocclusions have what?
Overall normal occlusions except one or more teeth are out of alignment
What is the abbreviation for class 1 malocclusion?
MAL1
Which type of class 1 malocclusion describes a tooth that is in its anatomically correct position in the dental arch but is abnormally angled in a DISTAL position?
Distroversion (MAL1/DV)
Which type of class 1 malocclusion describes a tooth that is in its anatomically correct position in the dental arch but is abnormally angled in a MESIAL direction?
Mesioversion (MAL1/MV)
Describe the class 1 orthodontic condition known as spearing canines?
The maxillary canines are tipped in a rostral position and trapped by the mandibular canines
In what species do spearing canines usually occur?
Shelties and Persian cats
Spearing is classified as what?
Buccoversion (MAL1/BV)
What other type of class 1 malocclusion describes a tooth in its anatomically correct position in the dental arch but is abnormally angled in a LINGUAL direction?
Linguoversion (LV)
What causes base-narrowed canines?
A structural narrowing of the mandible or by the eruption of the canines in an overly upright position
What may base-narrowed canines cause?
Indentation into and ulceration of the hard palate or even perforation of the palate
What type of class 1 malocclusion are base-narrowed canines considered?
Linguoversion (LV)
What class 1 occlusion describes an incisor or canine tooth that is in its anatomically correct position in the dental arch but abnormally angled in a LABIAL direction?
Labioversion (LABV)
What class 1 occlusion describes a PREMOLAR or MOLAR tooth that is in its anatomically correct position in the dental arch but abnormal angled in a BUCCAL direction?
Buccoversion (BV)
What describes a malocclusion in which a mandibular tooth or teeth have a more buccal or labial position than the antagonist maxillary tooth?
Crossbite (XB)
What term describes when one or more of the mandibular incisor teeth is labial to the opposing maxillary incisor teeth when the mouth is closed?
Rostral crossbite (CB/R)
Is a rostral crossbite considered to be a normal occlusion?
Yes, except that one or more of the incisors are malaligned
What is the treatment for rostral crossbite?
Extraction
Placement of an orthodontic appliance to move the maxillary teeth labially and the mandibular teeth lingually
What is rostral crossbite similar to in human terminology?
Anterior crossbite
What describes when one or more of the mandibular cheek teeth are buccal to the opposing maxillary cheek teeth when the mouth is closed?
Caudal crossbite (CB/C)
How are the maxillary and mandibular premolars aligned in a caudal crossbite?
The maxillary premolars are lingual to the mandibular premolars or molars
What term is caudal crossbite similar to in human terminology?
Posterior crossbite
What occurs in a class 2 occlusion (MAL2)
The mandible is shorter than normal
What does a class 2 occlusion cause?
The adult canines and incisors to penetrate the hard palate
Irritation and ulceration of the hard palate may result
What is mandibular prognathism?
When the mandible is too long
What does mandibular prognathism cause?
The mandibular incisors occlude labial to the maxillary incisors, which may cause excessive wear and injury to both teeth
What is “excess freeway space”
When the mandible is bowed causing excess space between the premolars
What is Maxillary brachygnathism?
A shortened maxilla
What occurs with maxillary brachygnathism?
The maxillary teeth are rotated as a result of crowding
What does maxillary brachygnathism cause in the mandible?
The mandible may be bowed, causing excess space between the upper and lower premolars
What was Asymmetric Skeletal Malocclusion once called?
Wry bite
It was nonspecific so it is no longer used
What does class 4 malocclusion (MAL4) cause?
The central incisors of the mandible and maxilla do not align evenly
What may class 4 malocclusion be caused by?
An uneven mandibular lengths or by the failure of the maxilla to develop evenly
How does Class 4 malocclusion occur?
May be genetic
May be caused by trauma to the bones durine development of the facial structure
How is class 4 malocclusion treated?
Extraction of teeth
Placement of orthodontic appliance
A type of asymmetric skeletal malocclusion is maxillary-mandibular asymmetry. This can occur in two different directions. What are they?
Rostrocaudal
Side-to-side
Dorsoventral
Which maxillary-mandibular asymmetry occurs when the mandibular mesioclusion or distoclusion is present on one side of the face while the contralateral side retains normal dental alignment?
Rostrocaudal (MAL4/RC)
Which maxillary-mandibular asymmetry occurs when there is a loss of the midline alignment of the maxilla and mandible?
Side-to-side direction (MAL4STS)
Which maxillary-mandibular asymmetry results in an open bite that is defined as an abnormal vertical space between opposing dental arches when the mouth is closed?
Dorsoventral (MAL4/DV)
