Feline Dentistry Flashcards
What are four conditions of the oral cavity that are more common in cats than any other species?
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS)
Tooth resorption
Alveolar osteitis
Feline Oral Pain Syndrome
What is defined as “inflammation of the mucous lining of any of the structures in the mouth”
Stomatitis
Stomatitis, in clinical use, should be reserved to describe what?
Widespread oral inflammation beyond gingivitis and periodontitis
When stomatitis extends into the mucosal tissues it is known as what?
Mucositis
When stomatitis extends into the tissues of the lateral palatine folds it is called what?
Caudal stomatitis
Do gingivitis and periodontitis constitute stomatitis?
No
Unless that are part of a broader inflammation involving the mucosal tissues in the mouth
What does type 1 stomatitis involve?
Alveolar and labial/buccal mucosistis/stomatitis
What does type 2 stomatitis involve?
Caudal mucositis/stomatitis (with or without alveolar and labial/buccal mucositis/stomatitis)
Which type of stomatitis is more manageable than the other?
Type 1
Treatment of feline chronic gingivostomatitis may involve what?
whole-mouth extraction
Diagnostics for feline chronic gingivostomatitis should include what
Testing for calicivirus, FeLV, FIV
blood chemistry
CBC
Most cats with classic stomatitis have elevated what in their blood chemistry?
Hyperproteinemia
Hyperglobulinemia
What is one of the earlies signs of feline chronic gingivostomatitis?
Gingival bleeding
What is one of the difficult diagnostic challenges to determine if it is truly feline chronic gingivostomatitis?
Whether it is an allergic reaction to an additive in commercial pet foods
Why is there currently no approved evaluation standards, treatments, or outcome for feline chronic gingivostomatitis?
Because this is a syndrome rather than one disease
What have been the mainstay of medical management of feline chronic gingivostomatitis?
Corticosteroids
What is an alternative to full mouth extractions to treat feline chronic gingivostomatitis?
Omega interferon
The most recent research suggests that how many cats are clinically affected by tooth resorption?
A little less than one-half
What are the effects of tooth resorption?
Resorption of the tooth
Proliferation of the gingiva or pulp to cover resulting lesions
What are the signs of tooth resorption
Those of pain
What causes tooth resorption?
Nutritional problems aggravated by unknown genetic factors
What are necessary to diagnose and treat tooth resorption accurately?
Dental radiographs
Who developed a system of classifying tooth resorption stages?
The American Veterinary Dental College (AVDC)
What is considered stage 1 tooth resorption?
Mild dental hard tissue loss
cementum or cementum and enamel
What is considered stage 2 tooth resorption?
Moderate dental hard tissue loss
Cementum or cementum and enamel with loss of dentin that does not extend to the pulp cavity
What is considered stage 3 tooth resorption?
Deep dental hard tissue loss; most of the tooth retains its integrity
(cementum or cementum and enamel loss of dentin that extends to the pulp cavity)
What is considered stage 4 tooth resorption?
Extensive dental hard tissue loss; most of the tooth has lost its integrity
What is considered stage 5 tooth resorption?
Remnants of dental hard tissue are visible only as irregular radiopacities, and gingival covering is complete
How is each stage of tooth resorption treated?
Extracting teeth with stage 2 and 4 lesions
Stage 1 lesions do not usually cause pain
Stage 5 lesions do not require treatment unless there is gingival inflammation
How is tooth resorption prevented?
Little is known about prevention
Reduction of Vitamin D may help
What organization has placed upper limits of vitamin D in foods, although cat food companies do not have to follow their standards?
The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO)
By which process does a cat often express canine periodontal disease or tooth resorption?
Alveolar or buccal bone expansion or alveolar osteitis
Alveolar Osteitis is commonly associated with what?
Advanced periodontal disease
How are early cases of alveolar osteitis treated?
Periodontal debridement and the placement of a perioceutic (Doxirobe or Arestin)
How are advanced cases of Alveolar Osteitis treated?
Extraction
What is a pain disorder of cats with behavioral signs of oral discomfort?
Feline orofacial pain syndrome
In what breed of cat does Feline orofacial pain syndrome mainly occur?
Burmese cats
What causes Feline orofacial pain syndrome?
Damage to the nerves of the peripheral nervous system
What are the clinical signs of Feline orofacial pain syndrome?
Sporadic one-sided discomfort, followed by pain-free intervals
Mouth movements trigger discomfort
How is Feline orofacial pain syndrome treated?
It can be resistant to traditional pain medications but does respond to anticonvulsants with an analgesic effect
What are other differential diagnoses for Feline orofacial pain syndrome?
Retained root fragments
Small intestinal lymphoma
IBD
