PEDs Flashcards by Connor Schmidt

What are the stages of Odontogenesis/Tooth Development

Thickening/Initiation
Bud
Cap
Bell-Histodifferentiation
Bell-Morphodifferentiation
Bell-Apposition
Bell-Maturation
Tooth Eruption

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Tooth Development: Initiation

starts: 6 weeks in utero

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Calcification sequence of primary teeth

A-14
D-15
B-16
C-17
E-18

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Calcification sequence of permanent teeth

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Eruption Sequence of Primary Teeth

nxi

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Eruption Sequence for Permanent Teeth

MAIN (start with I)

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Supernumery Teeth

extra teeth

Most common form=Mesiodens
* occurs at midline of 8/9
* palatal position

migh block normal eruption of permanent teeth

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Primary Teeth: Anomolies of Number

Defect in Initiation or Bud Stage

Supernumery
Congenital Missing teeth

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what are the most common congenitally Missing permanent Teeth?

3rds
Mandibular 2nd premolars
Maxillary Laterals
Maxillary 2nd premolars

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What is the most common congenitally missing primary tooth?

Primary Max Lateral Incisor

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Anomolies of Size

Microdontia (disturbance in bell stage)
Macrodontia (disturbance in bell stage)
Fusion (Cap stage)
Gemination (Cap Stage)

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Microdontia

Small teeth

2 forms:
Generalized: all teeth
* down syndrome
* pituitary dwarfism
* ectodermal dysplasia

Localized: 1or 2 teeth
* maxillary peg laterals
* more common

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Macrodontia

Big Teeth
* Not Gemination and fusion

2 Forms:
Generalized:
* Pituitary gigantism
* pineal hyperplasia with hyperinsulism

Localized:
* Hemifacial hyperplasia

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Fusion

2 buds merge into one tooth
* more common in primary teeth
* only anterior teeth
* count as 1 tooth

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Gemination

1 root buds into 2 crowns
* normal tooth count
* share a root

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Shape Anomolies

Dens evaginatus
Dens invaginatus
Taurodontism
Dilaceration

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Dens Evaginatus

An extra cusp
* contains enamel, dentin, and pulp
* Talon Cusp=Anterior teeth

Dens Invaginatus

aka Dens in Dente (tooth within tooth)
* caused by invagination of IEE
* quick caries progression through tunnel
* permanent maxillary laterals=most common
* radiograph to dx

Taurodontism

Vertically elongated pulp chamber & short roots
* Linked to Type IV amelogenesis Imperfecta

Dilaceration

Abnormal bend in root
* due to trauma to primary tooth

Structure Anomolies

Enamel hypoplasia
Enamel Hypocalcification
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
Dentin Dysplasia
Regional Odontodysplasia
Concresence
Enamel Pearl

Enamel Hypoplasia

Failure in Apposition Stage

Turner’s Hypoplasia
* periapical infection or trauma to primary tooth causes inflammatory response that messes up ameloblasts of developing permanent tooth below affected primary tooth

Congenital Syphillis:
* Hutchinson’s Incisors: Hypoplastic notch
* Mulberry Molars:globular enamel

Enamel Hypocalcification

Abnormal Mineralization
* results in white spots

Amelogenesis Imperfecta

Failure in Bell Stage

Autosomal dominant, recessive, or x-linked
* intrinsic alteration of enamel
* affects all teeth (primary & permanent)
* thin to no enamel, dentin and pulp not afffected
* tx: Full coverage crowns for esthetics

**Dentinogenesis Imperfecta**

Failure in Bell Stage Autosomal Dominant * intrinsic alteration of dentin * affects all teeth (primary and permanent) * short roots, bell-shaped crowns, **obliterated pulps** * **Bulbous Crowns** in radiographs due to constricted DEJ * **Blue Sclera** (also linked to osteogenesis imperfecta) * tx: Full coverage crowns for esthetics

Dentin Dysplasia

Intrinsic alteration of dentin * affects all teeth-primary and permanent **Type 1**: Radicular * **short roots** * premature mobility/exfoliation **Type 2**: Coronal * **chevron pulps**

Regional Odontodysplasia

**Ghost Teeth** * occurs in 1 quadrant

Concrescence

Joining of 2 adjacent teeth by **cementum only** * maxillary molars=most common

Enamel Pearl

**Chunk of enamel** block attachment of sharpeys fibers (type 1 collagen) * periodontal pocket * molars only

Distinct features of Primary tooth Anatomy

Thinner Enamel (1mm vs 2mm-permanent) Bigger Pulp Whiter Occlusal directed enamel rods (point up at DEJ) Cervical Bulge (Prominent bulge at primary 1st molar) More Divergent Roots Small or absent root trunk Wider M/D and Short I/G than successors

Characteristics of Primary Maxillary Central Incisor

**Widest Anterior MD** Only anterior tooth **Width>Height** Prominent labial and lingual cervical ridges

Characteristics of Primary Maxillary Lateral Incisors

NONE

Characteristics of Primary Maxillary Canines

Widest Anterior FL Longer & sharper cusp than mandibular K9

Characteristics of Primary maxillary 1st molars

Crown resembles Permanent Max 1st premolar Most prominent MF cervical ridge of max primary teeth CEJ Dips more on the mesial

Characteristics of Primary Maxillary 2nd Molars

Widest FL Primary tooth crown resembles permanent maxillary 1st molar only primary tooth with: * cusp of carabelli * oblique ridge * DL Groove

Characteristics of Primary Mandibular Central Incisor

Smallest FL

Characteristics of Primary Mandibular Lateral Incisors

None

Characteristics of Primary Mandibular Canine

None

Characteristics of Primary Mandibular 1st molar

Most unique tooth CEJ dips more on mesial half ML cusp=ice cream cone cusp * highest and sharpest MB Cusp=Largest

Characteristics of Primary Mandibular 2nd Molar

Widest MD of all primary teeth Crown resembles permanent mandibular 1st molar