PEDs Flashcards
What are the stages of Odontogenesis/Tooth Development
- Thickening/Initiation
- Bud
- Cap
- Bell-Histodifferentiation
- Bell-Morphodifferentiation
- Bell-Apposition
- Bell-Maturation
- Tooth Eruption
Tooth Development: Initiation
starts: 6 weeks in utero
Calcification sequence of primary teeth
A-14
D-15
B-16
C-17
E-18
Calcification sequence of permanent teeth
Eruption Sequence of Primary Teeth
nxi
Eruption Sequence for Permanent Teeth
MAIN (start with I)
Supernumery Teeth
extra teeth
Most common form=Mesiodens
* occurs at midline of 8/9
* palatal position
migh block normal eruption of permanent teeth
Primary Teeth: Anomolies of Number
Defect in Initiation or Bud Stage
Supernumery
Congenital Missing teeth
what are the most common congenitally Missing permanent Teeth?
- 3rds
- Mandibular 2nd premolars
- Maxillary Laterals
- Maxillary 2nd premolars
What is the most common congenitally missing primary tooth?
Primary Max Lateral Incisor
Anomolies of Size
Microdontia (disturbance in bell stage)
Macrodontia (disturbance in bell stage)
Fusion (Cap stage)
Gemination (Cap Stage)
Microdontia
Small teeth
2 forms:
Generalized: all teeth
* down syndrome
* pituitary dwarfism
* ectodermal dysplasia
Localized: 1or 2 teeth
* maxillary peg laterals
* more common
Macrodontia
Big Teeth
* Not Gemination and fusion
2 Forms:
Generalized:
* Pituitary gigantism
* pineal hyperplasia with hyperinsulism
Localized:
* Hemifacial hyperplasia
Fusion
2 buds merge into one tooth
* more common in primary teeth
* only anterior teeth
* count as 1 tooth
Gemination
1 root buds into 2 crowns
* normal tooth count
* share a root
Shape Anomolies
Dens evaginatus
Dens invaginatus
Taurodontism
Dilaceration
Dens Evaginatus
An extra cusp
* contains enamel, dentin, and pulp
* Talon Cusp=Anterior teeth
Dens Invaginatus
aka Dens in Dente (tooth within tooth)
* caused by invagination of IEE
* quick caries progression through tunnel
* permanent maxillary laterals=most common
* radiograph to dx
Taurodontism
Vertically elongated pulp chamber & short roots
* Linked to Type IV amelogenesis Imperfecta
Dilaceration
Abnormal bend in root
* due to trauma to primary tooth
Structure Anomolies
Enamel hypoplasia
Enamel Hypocalcification
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
Dentin Dysplasia
Regional Odontodysplasia
Concresence
Enamel Pearl
Enamel Hypoplasia
Failure in Apposition Stage
Turner’s Hypoplasia
* periapical infection or trauma to primary tooth causes inflammatory response that messes up ameloblasts of developing permanent tooth below affected primary tooth
Congenital Syphillis:
* Hutchinson’s Incisors: Hypoplastic notch
* Mulberry Molars:globular enamel
Enamel Hypocalcification
Abnormal Mineralization
* results in white spots
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
Failure in Bell Stage
Autosomal dominant, recessive, or x-linked
* intrinsic alteration of enamel
* affects all teeth (primary & permanent)
* thin to no enamel, dentin and pulp not afffected
* tx: Full coverage crowns for esthetics
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
Failure in Bell Stage
Autosomal Dominant
* intrinsic alteration of dentin
* affects all teeth (primary and permanent)
* short roots, bell-shaped crowns, obliterated pulps
* Bulbous Crowns in radiographs due to constricted DEJ
* Blue Sclera (also linked to osteogenesis imperfecta)
* tx: Full coverage crowns for esthetics
Dentin Dysplasia
Intrinsic alteration of dentin
* affects all teeth-primary and permanent
Type 1: Radicular
* short roots
* premature mobility/exfoliation
Type 2: Coronal
* chevron pulps
Regional Odontodysplasia
Ghost Teeth
* occurs in 1 quadrant
Concrescence
Joining of 2 adjacent teeth by cementum only
* maxillary molars=most common
Enamel Pearl
Chunk of enamel block attachment of sharpeys fibers (type 1 collagen)
* periodontal pocket
* molars only
Distinct features of Primary tooth Anatomy
Thinner Enamel (1mm vs 2mm-permanent)
Bigger Pulp
Whiter
Occlusal directed enamel rods (point up at DEJ)
Cervical Bulge (Prominent bulge at primary 1st molar)
More Divergent Roots
Small or absent root trunk
Wider M/D and Short I/G than successors
Characteristics of Primary Maxillary Central Incisor
Widest Anterior MD
Only anterior tooth Width>Height
Prominent labial and lingual cervical ridges
Characteristics of Primary Maxillary Lateral Incisors
NONE
Characteristics of Primary Maxillary Canines
Widest Anterior FL
Longer & sharper cusp than mandibular K9
Characteristics of Primary maxillary 1st molars
Crown resembles Permanent Max 1st premolar
Most prominent MF cervical ridge of max primary teeth
CEJ Dips more on the mesial
Characteristics of Primary Maxillary 2nd Molars
Widest FL Primary tooth
crown resembles permanent maxillary 1st molar
only primary tooth with:
* cusp of carabelli
* oblique ridge
* DL Groove
Characteristics of Primary Mandibular Central Incisor
Smallest FL
Characteristics of Primary Mandibular Lateral Incisors
None
Characteristics of Primary Mandibular Canine
None
Characteristics of Primary Mandibular 1st molar
Most unique tooth
CEJ dips more on mesial half
ML cusp=ice cream cone cusp
* highest and sharpest
MB Cusp=Largest
Characteristics of Primary Mandibular 2nd Molar
Widest MD of all primary teeth
Crown resembles permanent mandibular 1st molar
