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IDK Flashcards

1
Q

Rx for Mild vs Moderate vs Severe Pain Management

A

Mild: Ibuprofen or acetaminophen

Moderate: Ibuprofen & Acetaminophen

Severe: Ibuprofen &/or acetaminophen & Opioid

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2
Q

Epidemiologic measures

A

DMFT: irreversible

Gingival Index: Reversible

Periodontal Index: Reversible

Simplified oral hygiene index: Reversible

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3
Q

DMFT

A

Define: Caries in a population

DMFT: Decayed, Missing, and filled permanent teeth as a result of caries

DMFS: Decayed, Missing, and filled smooth surfaces due to caries

DEFT: decayed, Extracted, and filled teeth due to caries

dmft: decayed, missing, or filled primary teeth as a result of caries

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4
Q

Gingival Index

A

Uses 4 surfaces (F, M, D, L gingiva) on 6 indicator teeth

0=Normal gingiva
1-Mild inflammation
2=moderate inflammation
3=severe inflammation, ulcerated tissue w/tendency toward spontanous bleeding

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5
Q

Periodontal Index

A

CPITN: Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs

0=healthy
1=bleeding
2=calculus
3-shallow pockets
4-deep pockets

DOESN”T think of RECESSION—>Inaccurate attachment loss

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6
Q

Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S)

A

Quantifies the amount of debris (DI-S) and calculus (CI-S)

Oral hygiene:
* Good
* Fair
* Poor

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7
Q

Diseases Processes

A

Caries=tooth decay
Periodontal disease=gum disease
Oral cancer

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8
Q

Early Childhoood Caries

A

Old Name=Baby Bottle Tooth Decay

=1 or more dmfs b/w birth & 71 months of age

most commmon
* b/w 3-5 y.o.
* max incisor & molars

5% of US

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9
Q

What is the most common site for cancer in the oral cavity?

A

Tongue

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10
Q

Prevention of Oral Diseases: Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary

A

Primary:
* Prevents disease before it happens
* sealants
* water fluoridation

Secondary:
* eliminates or reduces disease after it happens
* ex: Restorations

Tertirary:
* rehabilitates a pt after a disease
* prosthodontics

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11
Q

Community Water Fluoridation

A

Most cost effect & practical way to prevent tooth decay

Optimal AMount: 0.7ppm
* 0.7-1.2ppm=Odorless, colorless, taasteless

210 million in the US

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12
Q

School Water Fluoridation

A

4.5x community water
* bc only at school for part of day

FL Mouth rinses:
* Another excellent program to do at school

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13
Q

Salt Fluoridation

A

Developing Countries that don’t have safe public water supply
* 200-350 mg Fluoride per kg of salt

Do not combine water & salt fluoridation

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14
Q

Fluoride Supplements

A

Rx Only
* For Kids at risk for caries in nonfluoridated areas

</=3 y.o.: Fluoride drops

> 3-6: Fl tablets and lozenges

> 6 y.o.: Fl mouth rinse

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15
Q

No Supplemental Systeic FLuoride if:

A

Rule of 6’s

Fl level in drinking water > 0.6 ppm
Pt < 6 months old OR
Pt > 16 y.o.

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16
Q

Topical Fluoride

A

Best for Smooth surfaces
* help w/root caries & ECC

Varnish:
* adehsive
* maximizes Fl-tooth contact w/5% Fl

APF gel:
* pH=3.0
* 1.23% Fl

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17
Q

Stannous FL

A

Antimicrobial
Astringent Taste
Extrensic Tooth staining

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18
Q

Fl Toxicity

A

Rule of 5’s
Toxic Dose: 5 mg/kg
Lethal dose: 5G for an adult (avg 70 kg adult)

Acute TOxicity:
* N & V
* Loss of consciousness
* Cramping

Chronic Toxicity:
* Flurosis of teeth (Abnormal enamel mineraliztion from xs FL exposure)

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19
Q

Sealants

A

Best for Occlusal surfacees

Recommend: 1st & 2nd permanent molars for children at risk for caries

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20
Q

Mouth Guards

A

Athletes
* prevent tooth trauma

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21
Q

Tooth brushing

A

Children under 6 y.o. should be supervised

22
Q

Diet

A

Sugar consumption:
* Frequency is more important than amount

Other Factors:
2. During day or immediately before bedtime
3. length of time sticky residual food remains in mouth

23
Q

Hiearchy of evidence Based Dentistry

A
  1. Meta Analysis
  2. Systemic Review
  3. Randomized CLinical Tria
  4. Cohort Study
  5. Case-control study
  6. Cross-sectional study (Case series)
  7. Case Report
  8. Ideas, editorial, opinions
  9. Animal Research
  10. In vitro studies
24
Q

Descriptive/Epidemiological Studies

A

quantify diease status in a community

Prevalence

25
Q

Analytical/Observational Studies

A

Determine: Disease etiology
*determine association not causation

Cross-sectional study:
* at 1 pt In time
* prevalence

Longitudinal Study: years of data
* Case-control study
* Prospective cohort sudy
* Retrospective cohort study

26
Q

Case-Control Study

A

Determines:
* Exposure factors after a known disease incidence

Odds ratio

27
Q

Prospective Cohort Study

A

Cohort study followed through time
* to see who develops a disease

Incidence:
Relative Risk

28
Q

Retrospective Cohort Study

A

Look at cohort after its done
* and choose what disease you want to look for

Incidence:
Relative risk

29
Q

Experimental Studies

A

Determine effectiveness of a therapy

Clinical Trial:
* Aim=isolate 1 factor (new drug) & examine its contribution to a pt’s health
* All other facts held constant

Random sampling
Random Allocation
Blinding (single blind (only participants; double bline (Participants/researchers)

30
Q

Frequency Distributions

A

Normal Distribution=Bell Shaped

Skewed Distribution: Tail to the R or L

BImodal: 2 peaks

31
Q

Measures of Central Tendency

A

Mean
Median
Mode

32
Q

Measures of Dispersion

A

Range
Variance
Standard Deviation

33
Q

Range

A

Max - Min

34
Q

Variance

A

How spread out individual values are from the mean

35
Q

Standard Deviation

A

square root of variance

36
Q

Outliers

A

greater impact on measures of disperson than central tendency

37
Q

Reliability

A

=precision

38
Q

Validity

A

=Accuracy

39
Q

Sensitivity

A

=disease

= TP/(TP+FN)

40
Q

Specificity

A

=health
=TN/(TN+FP)

41
Q

P-value

A

Stastitical Significance: probability that 2 variables are unrelated

If p<.05=reject the null hypothesis–>Significant
If p>.05=accept the null–> not significant

42
Q

Null Hypothesis

A

A hypothesis where the researcher tries to disprove, reject, or nullify

43
Q

Type 1 vs Type 2 error

A

Type 1 error=False Positive

Type 2 error=False Negative

44
Q

r

A

Correlation coefficicent=Strength of relationship b/w 2 quantitative variables
* always b/w -1 and +1
* 0=no linear relationship

45
Q

X^2

A

Chi-Squared Test
* association b/w 2 categorical values

46
Q

T-Test

A

stastical differnce b/w 2 means
* small sample size

47
Q

Z-Test

A

stastical difference b/w 2 mean
* large sample size (n>30)
* Known variance

48
Q

ANOVA

A

Analysis of Variance
* differences b/w 2 or more means

49
Q

Qaulitative Variables

A

=Descriptive
* Genotype, Blood type, hair/eye color. Use a Chi square test

Nominal=Names or Labels
Ordinal=Ranking

50
Q

Quantitative Variables

A

=Numbers
* Socioeconomic status, education level, teeth crowding
* use T test, Z test, ANOVA
* Ordinal=ranking (rank this on a scale of 1-10)
* Interval: Range of values (Temp, pH, SAT Score)
* Ratio: Range of values w/clear definition of 0 (Rxn rate, pulse, weight, K)

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