IDK Flashcards

1
Q

Rx for Mild vs Moderate vs Severe Pain Management

A

Mild: Ibuprofen or acetaminophen

Moderate: Ibuprofen & Acetaminophen

Severe: Ibuprofen &/or acetaminophen & Opioid

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2
Q

Epidemiologic measures

A

DMFT: irreversible

Gingival Index: Reversible

Periodontal Index: Reversible

Simplified oral hygiene index: Reversible

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3
Q

DMFT

A

Define: Caries in a population

DMFT: Decayed, Missing, and filled permanent teeth as a result of caries

DMFS: Decayed, Missing, and filled smooth surfaces due to caries

DEFT: decayed, Extracted, and filled teeth due to caries

dmft: decayed, missing, or filled primary teeth as a result of caries

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4
Q

Gingival Index

A

Uses 4 surfaces (F, M, D, L gingiva) on 6 indicator teeth

0=Normal gingiva
1-Mild inflammation
2=moderate inflammation
3=severe inflammation, ulcerated tissue w/tendency toward spontanous bleeding

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5
Q

Periodontal Index

A

CPITN: Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs

0=healthy
1=bleeding
2=calculus
3-shallow pockets
4-deep pockets

DOESN”T think of RECESSION—>Inaccurate attachment loss

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6
Q

Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S)

A

Quantifies the amount of debris (DI-S) and calculus (CI-S)

Oral hygiene:
* Good
* Fair
* Poor

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7
Q

Diseases Processes

A

Caries=tooth decay
Periodontal disease=gum disease
Oral cancer

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8
Q

Early Childhoood Caries

A

Old Name=Baby Bottle Tooth Decay

=1 or more dmfs b/w birth & 71 months of age

most commmon
* b/w 3-5 y.o.
* max incisor & molars

5% of US

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9
Q

What is the most common site for cancer in the oral cavity?

A

Tongue

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10
Q

Prevention of Oral Diseases: Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary

A

Primary:
* Prevents disease before it happens
* sealants
* water fluoridation

Secondary:
* eliminates or reduces disease after it happens
* ex: Restorations

Tertirary:
* rehabilitates a pt after a disease
* prosthodontics

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11
Q

Community Water Fluoridation

A

Most cost effect & practical way to prevent tooth decay

Optimal AMount: 0.7ppm
* 0.7-1.2ppm=Odorless, colorless, taasteless

210 million in the US

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12
Q

School Water Fluoridation

A

4.5x community water
* bc only at school for part of day

FL Mouth rinses:
* Another excellent program to do at school

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13
Q

Salt Fluoridation

A

Developing Countries that don’t have safe public water supply
* 200-350 mg Fluoride per kg of salt

Do not combine water & salt fluoridation

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14
Q

Fluoride Supplements

A

Rx Only
* For Kids at risk for caries in nonfluoridated areas

</=3 y.o.: Fluoride drops

> 3-6: Fl tablets and lozenges

> 6 y.o.: Fl mouth rinse

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15
Q

No Supplemental Systeic FLuoride if:

A

Rule of 6’s

Fl level in drinking water > 0.6 ppm
Pt < 6 months old OR
Pt > 16 y.o.

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16
Q

Topical Fluoride

A

Best for Smooth surfaces
* help w/root caries & ECC

Varnish:
* adehsive
* maximizes Fl-tooth contact w/5% Fl

APF gel:
* pH=3.0
* 1.23% Fl

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17
Q

Stannous FL

A

Antimicrobial
Astringent Taste
Extrensic Tooth staining

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18
Q

Fl Toxicity

A

Rule of 5’s
Toxic Dose: 5 mg/kg
Lethal dose: 5G for an adult (avg 70 kg adult)

Acute TOxicity:
* N & V
* Loss of consciousness
* Cramping

Chronic Toxicity:
* Flurosis of teeth (Abnormal enamel mineraliztion from xs FL exposure)

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19
Q

Sealants

A

Best for Occlusal surfacees

Recommend: 1st & 2nd permanent molars for children at risk for caries

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20
Q

Mouth Guards

A

Athletes
* prevent tooth trauma

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21
Q

Tooth brushing

A

Children under 6 y.o. should be supervised

22
Q

Diet

A

Sugar consumption:
* Frequency is more important than amount

Other Factors:
2. During day or immediately before bedtime
3. length of time sticky residual food remains in mouth

23
Q

Hiearchy of evidence Based Dentistry

A
  1. Meta Analysis
  2. Systemic Review
  3. Randomized CLinical Tria
  4. Cohort Study
  5. Case-control study
  6. Cross-sectional study (Case series)
  7. Case Report
  8. Ideas, editorial, opinions
  9. Animal Research
  10. In vitro studies
24
Q

Descriptive/Epidemiological Studies

A

quantify diease status in a community

Prevalence

25
Analytical/Observational Studies
Determine: Disease etiology *determine association not causation **Cross-sectional study**: * at 1 pt In time * **prevalence** Longitudinal Study: years of data * Case-control study * Prospective cohort sudy * Retrospective cohort study
26
Case-Control Study
Determines: * Exposure factors after a known disease incidence Odds ratio
27
Prospective Cohort Study
Cohort study followed through time * to see who develops a disease **Incidence: Relative Risk**
28
Retrospective Cohort Study
Look at cohort after its done * and choose what disease you want to look for Incidence: Relative risk
29
Experimental Studies
Determine effectiveness of a therapy **Clinical Trial**: * Aim=isolate 1 factor (new drug) & examine its contribution to a pt's health * All other facts held constant Random sampling Random Allocation Blinding (single blind (only participants; double bline (Participants/researchers)
30
Frequency Distributions
Normal Distribution=Bell Shaped Skewed Distribution: Tail to the R or L BImodal: 2 peaks
31
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean Median Mode
32
Measures of Dispersion
Range Variance Standard Deviation
33
Range
Max - Min
34
Variance
How spread out individual values are from the mean
35
Standard Deviation
square root of variance
36
Outliers
greater impact on measures of disperson than central tendency
37
Reliability
=precision
38
Validity
=Accuracy
39
Sensitivity
=disease = TP/(TP+FN)
40
Specificity
=health =TN/(TN+FP)
41
P-value
**Stastitical Significance**: probability that 2 variables are unrelated If p<.05=reject the null hypothesis-->Significant If p>.05=accept the null--> not significant
42
Null Hypothesis
A hypothesis where the researcher tries to disprove, reject, or nullify
43
Type 1 vs Type 2 error
Type 1 error=False Positive Type 2 error=False Negative
44
r
Correlation coefficicent=Strength of relationship b/w 2 quantitative variables * always b/w -1 and +1 * 0=no linear relationship
45
X^2
Chi-Squared Test * association b/w 2 categorical values
46
T-Test
stastical differnce b/w 2 means * small sample size
47
Z-Test
stastical difference b/w 2 mean * large sample size (n>30) * Known variance
48
ANOVA
Analysis of Variance * differences b/w 2 or more means
49
Qaulitative Variables
=Descriptive * Genotype, Blood type, hair/eye color. Use a Chi square test Nominal=Names or Labels Ordinal=Ranking
50
Quantitative Variables
=Numbers * Socioeconomic status, education level, teeth crowding * use T test, Z test, ANOVA * Ordinal=ranking (rank this on a scale of 1-10) * Interval: Range of values (Temp, pH, SAT Score) * Ratio: Range of values w/clear definition of 0 (Rxn rate, pulse, weight, K)