Oral Medicine Part 2

Question 1

Hyperlipidemia

Answer 1

High levels of lipids in the blood

(HIGH CHolesterol)

Question 2

Lipoproteins

Answer 2

HDL: High density lipoprotein
* Transports cholesterol to LIVER
* Ideal > 50 mg/dL

LDL: Low-density lipoproteins
* Transport cholesterol to arteries
* ideal < 130 mg/dL

Question 3

Atherosclerosis

Answer 3

Build up of Fat deposits on inner wall of arteries
* constrict diameter of artery
* Seperate endothelial cells from smooth muscle cells=block Nitric Oxide

Question 4

High Cholesterol Meds

Answer 4

-Statin

MOA: Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
* reduces cholesterol synthesis in the liver
* Decrease LDL

Question 5

High Cholesterol: Pt considerations

Answer 5

Avoid:
* Macrolide antibioitics
* Antifungals

Question 6

Cancer epidemiology: Male vs Female

Answer 6

Male:
* Prostate >lung> Colorectal> Bladder> Melanoma

Female:
* Breast > Lung> Colorectal > Uterine > Thyroid

Question 7

Head & Neck Cancer

Answer 7

Early Detection=best way to reduce morbidity

Visual & Palpation:
* Fixed or matted lymph nodes
* SCC=most common
* Oral Cavity > Oropharynx > Larynx > Nasopharynx > Hypopharynx

Question 8

Oral Cancer: Top causes

Answer 8

Tobaccoo > Alcohol > HPV> Immunocompromised

Question 9

Oral Cancer: Top locations

Answer 9

Tongue > Lower lip> FOM

Question 10

Cancer: Pt considerations
* Before chemo/radiation
* During
* After

Answer 10

Question 11

HIV/AIDs: Etiology

Answer 11

Enveloped RNA retrovirus

Infects cells w/CD4 receptor
* T helper cells
* Macrophages

Question 12

HIV/AIDs: Transmission

Answer 12

HIV is Found in Most Bodily fluids- except saliva & Sweat

Sexual transmission=most common

Question 13

HIV/AIDs: Staging

Answer 13

Stage 1: HIV Begins
* T helper/CD4 cells >/= 500 cells
* ANtibody +
* Asymptomatic

Stage 2: HIV gets worse
* T helper/CD4 cells: 200-499
* Symptomatic (Lymphadenopathy, weight loss, thrush, fever, diarrhea)

Stage 3: AIDs Begins (10-11 years after HIV)
* T helper/CD4 cells < 200
* Symptomatic: (Malignancy, wasting, dementia, opportunistic infections)

Question 14

HIV/AIDs: Diagnosis

Answer 14

ELISA:
* Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
* 2 confirmed results

Western blot
* Can’t tell you what stage

PCR:

Question 15

HIV/AIDs: Medications/Treatment

Answer 15

ART=antiretrovial therapy
HAART: Highly active antiretroviral therapy

Goal: inhibit HIV replication completely, so viral load is undectectable (<50 copies=undectable)