Pediatric respiratory distress lecture Flashcards
mechanism of benadryl
H1 histamine receptor blocker
What is aspirated most commonly by toddlers?
Balloons . . get mylar balloons instead of helium
how many mm wide is a quarter
25
What is the most common Foreign body swallowed and stuck in esophagus?
Coin
What is aspiration of food so common in toddlers
They can’t chew. only have front teeth
quarters are stuck in proximal esophagus by what muscle
cricopharyngeus . .lets dimes, pennies, and nickels pass
how does epiglottitis differ from croup
- high fever
- Tripod position
- ABSENCE of cough
- Really sudden onset
what microbe causes fatal epiglottitis
hemophilus influenza type B
If you witness a child choking what are the 3 signs of complete airway obstruction
- Loss of sound
- Cyanosis
- Altered mental status
late stage of pediatric respiratory distress
cyanosis and apnea
When do children get molars and can start chewing?
2 years old
What things can help tell if child in respiratory distress
- flared nostrils
- tachypnea
- facial changes
- accessory muscles
- Grunting (noise at end up expiration) . . baby is closing glottis on purpose to keep alveoli open for longer period of time so more gas exchange
mechanism of epinephrine
vasoconstiction
APGAR score
- Appearance
- Pulse
- Grimmace
- Acrocyanosis
- Respiratory effort
What do you do if you notice signs of a child having complete airway obstruction?
infant: back blows and chest thrusts
child: heimlick
Compensatory signs of respiratory disease
- tachypnea
- grunting
- flaring
- retractions
how is childs airway different than adult
more anterior and superior
mechanism of methylprednisolone
decrease immune response
contrast when during respiratory cycle grunting is versus stridor
- Stridor=inspiration
- Grunting=end of expiration
Choking child: absent breath sound on right
lower airway aspiration
first line drug for anaphylactic reaction
epinephrine
intermediate stage of pediatric respiratory distress
grunting flaring and retractions
Where do you listen to a baby’s lungs
Mid-axillary line. . . more lateral
Explain difference in small airway lumen size between child and adult and what significance this has in terms of inflammation?
smaller diameter so takes less inflammation or mucus to cause a significant obstruction
choking child: diminished breath sounds bilaterally
thinking upper airway obstruction
How is a child’s trachea different than adult
more flexible
How is a child’s epiglottis different than an adult
- floppier
- U shaped
- Longer
Most common food items aspirated?
- hot dogs
- grapes
- Peanuts/candies
- vegetable pieces
Earliest irregular exam finding in pediatric respiratory disease?
Tachypnea
What is the most common cause of death in the home for toddlers 1 to 3
aspiration of foreign body
Pathologic signs of respiratory disease
- wheezing
- stridor
- rales
- rhonchi
If you witness a child coughing what do you do?
allow the child to cough
What makes stridor
narrowing of airway
