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NAPLEX 21 > Pediatric Conditions > Flashcards

Pediatric Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

age classification: neonate

A

0-28 days

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2
Q

age classification: infant

A

1 month - 12 months

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3
Q

age classification: child

A

1 - 12 years

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4
Q

age classification: adolescent

A

13-18 years

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5
Q

When to seek urgent care for a child?
Temperature for <3 month:
Temperature for age 3-6 months:
Age >6 months:

A

Temperature for <3 month: 100.4F/38C rectal
Temperature for age 3-6 months: 101F/38.3C rectal
Age >6 months: 103F/39.4C rectal

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6
Q

When to seek urgent care for a child?

A

Inability to sleep or drink, limping, any cough/cold that worsens or does not improve in several days

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7
Q

A newborn’s general condition is assessed using what score?

A

APGAR score: 7-10 is healthy

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8
Q

What are the standard medications given at birth?

A
  • vitamin K
  • opthalmin erythromycin or silver nitration (conjunctivitis)
  • hep b
  • light therapy for jaundice
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9
Q

Low Apgar scores in pre-term infants are usually due to

A

immature lung or heart development

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10
Q

Hypotension is tax’s primarily with IV fluids. hypotension can be due to

A

intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)

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11
Q

How is patent ductus arteriosus normally treated?

A

requires medical attention with surgery or drugs: NSAIDS (IV indomethacin or ibuprofen)

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12
Q

How is persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn normally treated?

A

Supportive care & inhaled nitric oxide can help to dilate the pulmonary arterioles is the standard tx

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13
Q

PPHN may be linked to in utero ___ exposure

A

SSRI

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14
Q

Respiratory Distress Syndrome is caused by

A

deficiency of surfactant production in lungs that are not fully developed

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15
Q

Most babies born

A

<35 weeks

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16
Q

Do NOT recommend salicylates to patients that are

A

16

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17
Q

Acetaminophen infant drops and children’s suspension are

A

the same concentration to help reduce dosing errors in older children

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18
Q

Avoid what drug in infants <6 months for pain/fever due to the risk of nephrotoxicity

A

ibuprofen

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19
Q

To prevent dosing errors, Rphs should counsel on what regarding ibuprofen?

A

these products are supplied in different dosage strengths for infants and children

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20
Q

Acetaminophen or ibuprofen are appropriate for treating pain and fever in what age group?

A

> 6 months

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21
Q

What drug can provide mild symptom relief of intestinal gas in infants?

A

simethicone drops (sx normally dissipate when child is around 6-8 months)

22
Q

The FDA does not recommend OTC cough and cold medications in:

A

children < 2 years

23
Q

What are options for >2 years olds who are experiencing constipation?

A

MiraLax, Prunes, glycerine suppositories

24
Q

Children experiencing diarrhea is dangerous; fluid and electrolytes should be replaced with:

A

Pedialyte, enfamil enfalyte

25
Q

Loperamide is not recommended for OTC use in children under the age of

A

6

26
Q

OTC fever options for children

A

Acetaminophen (10-15mg/kg/dose Q4-6H, max 75mg/kg/day; products are all the same [] = 160mg/5mL)

ibuprofen (5-10mg/kg/dose Q6-8H); >6 months

27
Q

OTC intestinal gas options for children

A

Simethicone (Mylicon) QID PRN; take after meals, SHAKE

28
Q

Bacterial Meningitis: Bulging fontanelles and nuchal rigidity will be present in <25% of cases, most symptoms are non-specific and not present. A definitive dx is made with:

A

a lumbar puncture

29
Q

S. agalactiae (group B strep), E.Coli, listeria, klebsiella are common bacterial pathogens in bacterial meningitis in what age group?

A

<1 month

30
Q

S. pneumoniae, neisseria, S. agalactiae, H. influenzae, and E. coli are common bacterial pathogens in bacterial meningitis in what age group?

A

1-23 months

31
Q

N. meningitis, S. pneumoniae are common bacterial pathogens in bacterial meningitis in what age group?

A

2+ years

32
Q

Empiric treatment for bacterial meningitis in those <1 month

A

Ampicillin + cefotaxime

Ampicillin + gentamicin

33
Q

Empiric treatment for bacterial meningitis in those 1 month and older

A

Vancomycin + 3rd gen ceph (ceftriaxone or cefotaxime)

34
Q

This medication displaces bilirubin from albumin, which can cause bilirubin-induced brain damage (kernicterus), THUS avoided in neonates (<1 month)

A

Ceftriaxone

35
Q

A common cause of bronchiolitis (swelling and mucus build up in the bronchioles)

A

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

36
Q

RSV treatment

A

supportive care (oxygen, IV fluids, suction of secretions)

37
Q

In patients with underlying compromising conditions (prematurity, cardiopulmonary dz, or immunosuppression) that contract RSV, what tx can be considered?

A

INHALED ribavirin (Virazole)

38
Q

This humanized MAb is indicated for the prevention of serious lower respiratory tract dz caused by RSV in children at high risk of the dz

A

Palivizumab (Synaqis)

39
Q

How is Synaqis dosed?

A

MONTHLY at 15mg/kg per dose by IM injection; and not to receive more than 5 monthly doses during RSV season. If the baby becomes infected with RSV, no further doses should be given

40
Q

Who should receive palvizumab?

A

In the first year of life:

  • premature infants born <29 weeks gestation
  • premature infants born <32 weeks gestation with chronic lung disease who are <12 months of age
  • infants <12 months of age with certain heart conditions
41
Q

_____ is usually due to a viral infection which causes inflammation of the UPPER airway, larynx, trachea, and bronchi

A

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

Most common in children < 6

42
Q

How is Croup treated when it is severe?

A

Dexamethasone 0.6mg/kg

+ a patient having difficulty with breathing will be given the systemic steroid +nebulized racemic epinephrine

43
Q

How is nocturnal enuresis treated?

A

First, behavioral approach
Then alarm therapy
Then alarm therapy + drug (desmopressin)

44
Q

What is the only preferred medication enuresis?

A

Desmopressin, a synthetic analogue of ADH

45
Q

What is desmopressin’s boxed warning?

A

severe, life-threatening hyponatremia

46
Q

What drugs are contraindicated in peds?

A

Codeine <12y
Tramadol <12y
Promethazine in age <2y
Ceftriaxone in neonates (1-28 days)

47
Q

What drugs are not generally recommended in peds?

A

Quinolones
tetracyclines in age <8y
OTC teething medications containing benzocaine in age <2y
OTC cough and cold preparations in age <6 years

48
Q

Tetracyclines are not recommended in children <8y of age they stain teeth and deposit into mineralizing bone and cartilage which weakens it. What is the one exception?

A

Tick-borne Rickettsial diseases (Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichosis and anaplasmosis). Doxycycline is the most effective treatment and is recommended in peds as the risk of severe illness or death outweighs the roisk of tooth discoloration

49
Q

Kopek spots in mouth, maculopapular rash. What childhood illness?

A

Measels (transmission is airborne)

50
Q

Swollen and tender salivary glands under the ears. What childhood illness?

A

Mumps (remember “lumps”)

NAPLEX 21 (60 decks)

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