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NAPLEX 21 > HTN > Flashcards

HTN Flashcards

1
Q

BP assessments should be based on an average of

A

at least two readings on two separate occassions

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2
Q

HTN stage one is defined as

A

130-139 OR 80-89

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3
Q

HTN stage two is defined as

A

> 140 or >90

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4
Q

When to start treatment?

A

stage 2

stage 1 + clinical CVD + 10 year ASCVD >10%

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5
Q

What is the BP goal?

A

<130/80

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6
Q

Initial drug selection for non-blacks

A

thiazide

CCB

ACE/ARB

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7
Q

initiatal drug selection for blacks

A

thiazide or CCB

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8
Q

initial drug selection for CKD all races

A

ACE or ARB

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9
Q

initial drug selection for diabetes with albuminuria all races

A

ACE or ARB

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10
Q

When do you initiate 2 first line drugs?

A

in stage 2 when average is >150/90

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11
Q

What is first line treatment in pregnancy?

A

labetalol

nifedipine ER

methyldopa - less effective

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12
Q

Brand: Zestoretic

A

generic: lisinopril/hctz

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13
Q

Brand: hyzaar

A

generic: losartan/hctz

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14
Q

Brand: Benicar HCT

A

generic: olmesartan/hctz

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15
Q

Brand: Diovan HCT

A

generic: valsartan/hctz

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16
Q

Brand: Lotrel

A

generic: benazepril/amlodipine

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17
Q

Brand: Exforge

A

generic: valsartan/amlodipine

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18
Q

Brand: tenoretic

A

generic: atenolol/chlorthalidone

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19
Q

Brand: Ziac

A

generic: bisoprolol/hctz

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20
Q

Brand: Maxzide, Maxzide-25, Dyazide

A

generic: triamterene/hctz

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21
Q

________ inhibit sodium reabsorption in the DCT causing increased excretion of sodium, chloride, water and potassium

A

thiazides

SULFA DRUG

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22
Q

Side effects of thiazides

A

decrease K Mg and sodium

increased calcium, UA, LDL, TG, BG

photosensitivity

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23
Q

Dosing for chlorthalidone

A

12.5-25mg daily

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24
Q

dosing for hctz (microzide)

A

12.5-50mg daily

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25
Q

thiazides + lithium -

A

thiazides decrease lithium renal clearance and increase risk of toxicity

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26
Q

these anti-hypertensive drugs inhibit Ca ions from entering vascular smooth muscle and myocardial cells; this causes peripheral arterial vasodilation

A

CCBs

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27
Q

Brand: Norvasc

A

generic: amlodipine

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28
Q

Brand: Cardene IV

A

generic: nicardipine IV

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29
Q

Brand: Adalat CC, Procardia XL

A

generic: nifedipine ER

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30
Q

side effects of CCBs

A

hypotension, peripheral edema, headache, flushing, palpitations, gingival hyperplasia

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31
Q

What is the drug of choice in pregnancy from CCB

A

nifedipine ER

also used in raynauds

32
Q

Allergy to soybeans soy products or eggs contraindication to this CCB

A

clevidipine

33
Q

Which are more selective for the myocardium? CCB or non DHP CCB?

A

non DHP CCB

34
Q

brand: cardizem, Tiazac

A

generic: diltiazem

35
Q

Brand: Calan SR

A

generic: verapamil

36
Q

Brand: lotensin

A

generic: benazepril

37
Q

Brand: Vasotec

A

generic: enalapril

38
Q

Brand: prinivil, zestril

A

generic: lisinopril

39
Q

Brand: accupril

A

generic: quinapril

40
Q

Brand: Altace

A

generic: ramipril

41
Q

What electrolyte should you monitor with ACEs?

A

potassium (hyperkalemia)

42
Q

Brand: Avapro

A

generic: irbesartan

43
Q

Brand: Cozaar

A

brand: losartan

44
Q

Brand: Benicar

A

generic: olmesartan

45
Q

Brand: Diovan

A

generic: valsartan

46
Q

Which ARB can cause sprue like enteropathy (severe chronic diarrhea with substantial weight loss)

A

olmesartan

47
Q

is there a washout period with entresto with ARBs?

A

no!

48
Q

Brand: aldactone

A

generic: spirinolactone

49
Q

Brand: Tenormin

A

generic: atenolol

50
Q

Brand: Brevibloc

A

generic: esmolol

INJ

51
Q

Brand: lopressor

A

generic: metoprolol tartrate

52
Q

Brand: Toprol XL

A

generic: metoprolol succinate XL

53
Q

Which BB should be taken with food?

A

oppressor and toprol XL

carvedilol (all forms)

54
Q

What are the beta 1 selective drugs?

A

AMEBBA

atenolol

metoprolol
esmolol
bisoprolol
betaxolol
acebutolol
55
Q

Brand: bystolic

A

generic: nebivolol

56
Q

Non selective BB

A

propranolol

nadalol

57
Q

Brand: Corgard

A

generic: nadolol

58
Q

Non selective BB and alpha 1 blockers

A

carvediolol

labetolol

59
Q

coreg 3.125mg BIG = Coreg CR __mg daily

A

10mg

60
Q

Beta 1 selective blocker with NO-dependent vasodilation

A

nebivolol

61
Q

What is the brand name of clonidine used in ADHD

A

Kapvay

62
Q

Brand: catapres

A

generic: clonidine

63
Q

What are side effects of clonidine?

A 
dry mouth
somnolence
fatigue
dizziness
constipation
dec HR
hyptotension
64
Q

Which of the centrally-acting Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists have a risk of DILE?

A

methyldopa

65
Q

how often do you apply the clonidine patch?

A

weekly

66
Q

Which of the centrally-acting Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists have a risk of hemolytic anemia?

A

methyldopa

coombstest

67
Q

brand name of guanfacine IR used for ADHD

A

intuniv

68
Q

hydralazine side effects

A

peripheral edema

headache/flushing

palpitations

reflex tachy

WARNING FOR DILE

69
Q

direct vasodilators

A

hydralazine, minoxidil

70
Q

What is defined as hypertensive crisis?

A

BP >180/120

71
Q

patient has acute target organ damage + BP >180/120. what is this called?

A

hypertensive emergency

72
Q

Treatment for hypertensive emergency

A

IV meds

decrease BP by no MORE than 25% within the first hour, then if stable decrease to 160/100 in the next 2-6 hours

73
Q

patient has no evidence of acute target organ damage but BP >180/120

A

hypertensive urgency

74
Q

how do you treat hypertensive urgency?

A

ORAL meds

decrease BP gradually over 24-48 hours

75
Q

What are the key hypertensive medications?

A 
chlorothiazide
clevidipine
diltiazem
enalaprilat
esmolol
hydralazine
labetolol
metoprolol tartrate
nicardipine
NTG
nitroprusside
propranolol
verapamil
76
Q

what anti-hypertensives leave a ghost tablet?

A 
adalat CC (take on empty stomach)
Procardia XL
77
Q

Where do you apply the clonidine patch?

A

upper outer arm or chest

NAPLEX 21 (60 decks)

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