BIOSTATS studies/ Pharmacoeconomics

Question 1

What is the most reliable type of medical study?

Answer 1

systemic review and meta-analysis

least = expert opinion

Question 2

retrospective; compare cases (patients with a disease) to controls (without the disease)

Answer 2

case-control

example: predictors of surgical site infection after open lower extremity bypass revascularization

Question 3

retrospective or prospective; compare patients with an exposure to those without exposure

Answer 3

cohort

example: statin use and cognitive function in adults with type 1 diabetes

group = T1D
exposure = statin

Question 4

prospective, compare patients who were randomly assigned to groups

Answer 4

randomized controlled

Question 5

Limitations: can be influenced by confounders which are other factors that affect the outcome

Answer 5

cohort

Question 6

summary of the clinical literature that focuses on specific topic or question

Answer 6

systemic review article

Question 7

pharmacoeconomics-

______ is used when two or more interventions have demonstrated equivalence in outcomes and the costs of each intervention are being compared

Answer 7

cost minimization analysis

Question 8

pharmacoeconomics-

______ is a systemic process for calculating and comparing benefits and costs of an intervention in terms of money

Answer 8

cost benefit analysis

Question 9

pharmacoeconomics-

______ is used to compare the clinical effects of two or more interventions to the respective costs

Answer 9

cost effectiveness analysis

Question 10

pharmacoeconomics-

______ is a specialized form of CEA that includes a QOL component

Answer 10

cost utility analysis

QALYs and DALYs