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NAPLEX 21 > Common Conditions of the Eyes & Ears: Glaucoma > Flashcards

Common Conditions of the Eyes & Ears: Glaucoma Flashcards

1
Q

Which is more sensitive? the eyes or the ears?

A

the eyes

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2
Q

Eye drops can be used in the ear

Or

Ear drops can be used in the eye

which is correct?

A

Eye drops can be used in the ear, ear drops can NEVER be used in the eye.

*due to pH & isotonicity

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3
Q

AD

A

right ear

A= ear
O= oculus/eye
D=dextra=right
S=sinistra=left

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4
Q

AS

A

left ear

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5
Q

AU

A

each ear

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6
Q

OD

A

right eye

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7
Q

OS

A

left eye

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8
Q

OU

A

each eye

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9
Q

1 drop = ?mL

A

1 drop = 0.05mL

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10
Q

This disease of the eye results in damage to the optic nerve and loss of the visual field - measured by the visual field test

A

gluacoma

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11
Q

In glaucoma, is the IOP above? or below?

A

above normal range - 12-22mmHg

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12
Q

What is the more common type of glaucoma?

A

open=angle glaucoma - treated with eye drops that lower IOP or surgery

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13
Q

What type of glaucoma is a medical emergency?

A

closed-angle - sharp sudden increase in IOP due to a blockage, treated surgically

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14
Q

Glaucoma treatments decrease IOP by targeting what?

A

the aqueous humor (fluid in the eye)

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15
Q

In glaucoma, what is the initial treatment?

A

PG analogs

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16
Q

What is the most effective treatment in decreasing IOP ~30%, they are safe and used once daily

A

PG analogs

17
Q

What drug decreases IOP ~22% and is preferred if the pressure is high in one eye only?

A

beta-blocker

18
Q

What drugs can increase IOP?

A

anticholinergics (oxybutinin, tolerodine, benztropine, TCAs)

cough, cold, and motion sickness medications

chronic steroids, especially eye drops - predinsolone

topiramate

19
Q

These drugs decrease IOP by reducing aqueous humor production (make less fluid)

A

beta-blockers, timolol

20
Q

these drugs decrease IOP by increasing aqueous humor outflow (move fluid out)

A

PG analogs, like latanoprost

21
Q

These drugs decrease IOP by decrease IOP by reducing aqueous humor production (make less fluid) & decrease IOP by increasing aqueous humor outflow (move fluid out)

A

alpha-2 agonists, like brimonidine (often add-on treatment)

22
Q

bimatoprost

latanoprost

travoprost

what drug class?

A

PG analogs

23
Q

Brand: Lumigan

A

generic: bimatoprost

24
Q

Brand: Xalatan, Xelpros

A

generic:
latanoprost

+netarsudil (Rocklatan)

25
Q

Brand: Travatan Z

A

generic: travopost

26
Q

This PG analog is indicated for eyelash hypotrichosis to increase eyelash growth– NOT for use with PG analogs indicated for glaucoma

A

bimatoprost (Latisse)

27
Q

How do you use PG analogs?

A

1 drop QHS

28
Q

What are the warnings of PG analogs?

A

darkening of the iris, eyelash length and number can increase

29
Q

Which PG should be refrigerated before opening, and then once opened can be stored at room temperature?

A

latanoprost

30
Q

What beta blockers are used in glaucoma>

A

timolol 0.25% and 0.5%

Betaxolol

31
Q

How do you use timolol?

A

1 drop daily or BID -

the gel is once daily (shake once, wast 10 mins before administering)

32
Q

all beta-blockers are non-selective except

A

betaxolol

33
Q

What are the side effects of using BB eye drops?

A

burning

stinging

bradycardia/fatigue

bronchospasm with non-selective agents

34
Q

Carbachol

pilocarpine

what drug class?

A

cholinergics (miotics)

*pupil CONSTRICTION

35
Q

dorzalomide

brinzolamide

acetazolamide

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

36
Q

Dorzalomide + timolol (Cosopt, Cosopt PF) how do you use?

A

1 drop bID

37
Q

Which drops have a sulfonamide allergy?

A

the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

NAPLEX 21 (60 decks)

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