Common Conditions of the Eyes & Ears: Glaucoma Flashcards
Which is more sensitive? the eyes or the ears?
the eyes
Eye drops can be used in the ear
Or
Ear drops can be used in the eye
which is correct?
Eye drops can be used in the ear, ear drops can NEVER be used in the eye.
*due to pH & isotonicity
AD
right ear
A= ear
O= oculus/eye
D=dextra=right
S=sinistra=left
AS
left ear
AU
each ear
OD
right eye
OS
left eye
OU
each eye
1 drop = ?mL
1 drop = 0.05mL
This disease of the eye results in damage to the optic nerve and loss of the visual field - measured by the visual field test
gluacoma
In glaucoma, is the IOP above? or below?
above normal range - 12-22mmHg
What is the more common type of glaucoma?
open=angle glaucoma - treated with eye drops that lower IOP or surgery
What type of glaucoma is a medical emergency?
closed-angle - sharp sudden increase in IOP due to a blockage, treated surgically
Glaucoma treatments decrease IOP by targeting what?
the aqueous humor (fluid in the eye)
In glaucoma, what is the initial treatment?
PG analogs
What is the most effective treatment in decreasing IOP ~30%, they are safe and used once daily
PG analogs
What drug decreases IOP ~22% and is preferred if the pressure is high in one eye only?
beta-blocker
What drugs can increase IOP?
anticholinergics (oxybutinin, tolerodine, benztropine, TCAs)
cough, cold, and motion sickness medications
chronic steroids, especially eye drops - predinsolone
topiramate
These drugs decrease IOP by reducing aqueous humor production (make less fluid)
beta-blockers, timolol
these drugs decrease IOP by increasing aqueous humor outflow (move fluid out)
PG analogs, like latanoprost
These drugs decrease IOP by decrease IOP by reducing aqueous humor production (make less fluid) & decrease IOP by increasing aqueous humor outflow (move fluid out)
alpha-2 agonists, like brimonidine (often add-on treatment)
bimatoprost
latanoprost
travoprost
what drug class?
PG analogs
Brand: Lumigan
generic: bimatoprost
Brand: Xalatan, Xelpros
generic:
latanoprost
+netarsudil (Rocklatan)
Brand: Travatan Z
generic: travopost
This PG analog is indicated for eyelash hypotrichosis to increase eyelash growth– NOT for use with PG analogs indicated for glaucoma
bimatoprost (Latisse)
How do you use PG analogs?
1 drop QHS
What are the warnings of PG analogs?
darkening of the iris, eyelash length and number can increase
Which PG should be refrigerated before opening, and then once opened can be stored at room temperature?
latanoprost
What beta blockers are used in glaucoma>
timolol 0.25% and 0.5%
Betaxolol
How do you use timolol?
1 drop daily or BID -
the gel is once daily (shake once, wast 10 mins before administering)
all beta-blockers are non-selective except
betaxolol
What are the side effects of using BB eye drops?
burning
stinging
bradycardia/fatigue
bronchospasm with non-selective agents
Carbachol
pilocarpine
what drug class?
cholinergics (miotics)
*pupil CONSTRICTION
dorzalomide
brinzolamide
acetazolamide
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Dorzalomide + timolol (Cosopt, Cosopt PF) how do you use?
1 drop bID
Which drops have a sulfonamide allergy?
the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
