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NAPLEX 21 > Allergic Rhinitis, Cough & Cold > Flashcards

Allergic Rhinitis, Cough & Cold Flashcards

1
Q

What is hay fever?

A

Allergic rhinitis, or simply “allergies”

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2
Q

While colds are caused by a virus, allergic rhinitis is caused by?

A

an allergen (pollen dust, pet dander)

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3
Q

Non-drug treatment for allergic rhinitis?

A

Avoiding exposure to known or suspected allergens

an IgE-mediated skin prick test or blood test can determine patient-specific allergens

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4
Q

Common allergens (4)

A

Pollens

Molds

Dust mites

Animal dander

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5
Q

What is the name of the index that rates the local air as good to hazardous?

A

AQI - air quality index

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6
Q

Nasal irrigation uses what types of saline solution?

A

isotonic and hypertonic (2-3.5%)

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7
Q

What is first line for chronic, mod-severe symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

A

intranasal steroids

especially effective in reducing the nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis, congestion

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8
Q

What is first line for milder, intermittent symptoms?

A

oral antihistamines

little effect on nasal congestion

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9
Q

Brand: Rhinocort Allergy

A

Generic: budesonide

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10
Q

Brand: Flonase Allergy Relief, Flonase Sensimist, Children’s Flonase

A

Generic: fluticasone

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11
Q

Brand: Nasacort Allergy 24H & in children’s

A

Generic: triamsinolone

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12
Q

What is a common side effect from intranasal steroids?

A

epistaxis (nose bleeds)

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13
Q

How long can it take for nasal steroids to work?

A

1 week

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14
Q

What are the preferred nasal steroids in pregnancy?

A

budesonide and beclomethasone (Beconase AQ)

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15
Q

Antihistamines work by blocking histamine at the ___ receptor site

A

H1

first gen- more sedative

second gen- less

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16
Q

diphenhydramine
chlorpheniramine
doxylamine
clemastine

drug class?

A

First gen oral antihistamines

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17
Q

Brand: Aller-Chlor, Chlor-trimeton

A

Generic: Chlorpheniramine

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18
Q

Benadryl dose for adults

A

25-50mg PO Q4-6h (max 300mg/day)

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19
Q

Benadyl <6 y dose

A

do not use OTC, unless directed by PCP

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20
Q

Which drug class?

avoid in elderly
prostate enlargement
glaucoma
somnolence, cognitive impairment

A

first-get antihistamines

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21
Q

cetirizine
levocetrizine
fexofenadine
loratadine

drug class?

A

second gen antihistamines

22
Q

Brand: Zyrtec

A

Generic: cetirizine

23
Q

Brand: Xyzal Allergy

A

Generic: levocetirizine

24
Q

Brand: Allegra Allergy

A

Generic: fexofenadine

*don’t take with juice

25
Q

Brand: Claritin

A

Generic: loratadine

26
Q

What second gen drugs are preferred in preg?

A

loratadine, cetirizine

27
Q

Cetirizine and levocetirizine

more or less sedating?

A

MORE

less= fexofenadine, loratadine

28
Q

Can intranasal antihistamines be combined with intranasal steroids?

A

yes

dymista, patanase

29
Q

alpha-adrenergic agonists that cause vasoconstriction which decreases sinus vessel engorgement and mucosal edema

A

decongestants

30
Q

Oral decongestants include

A

phenylephrine

pseudoephedrine

31
Q

Which drug class?

C/IL within 14 days of MAO inhibitors
avoid in children <2 (FDA)
caution with CVD, BPH, urinary retention
inc HP, BP

A

Oral decongestants

32
Q

oxymetazoline (afrin) is a ..

A

intranasal/topical decongestant

33
Q

An OTC mast cell stabilizer used for treatment and prophylaxis of allergic rhinitis

A

Intranasal cromolyn (NasalCrom)

used regularly, not PRN to be effective; safe in kids and preg

34
Q

the only leukotriene modifying agent indicated for the treatment of both allergic rhinitis and asthma

A

montelukast (Singulair)

FDA- BW for neuropsychiatric effects

35
Q

contains 5 different grass pollen extracts

A

Oralair

36
Q

contains Timothy grass pollen extract

A

Grastek

37
Q

contains ragweed pollen extract

A

Ragwitek

38
Q

Contains house dust mite allergen extract

A

Odactra

39
Q

Natural products used for colds?

A

Zinc
Vitamin C
Echinacea
Airborne/Emergen-C

40
Q

acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, at high doses it acts as an NMDA-receptor blocker leading to euphoria and hallucinations similar to PCP

A

dextromethorphan
“DM”

many states ban the sale to minors

41
Q

Codeine listed as a CII used for:

A

pain

42
Q

Codeine listed as a C-V used for:

A

cough and cold

43
Q

BW: respiratory depression and death have occurred in children who have received this drug following tonsillectomy and or adenoidectomy and have evidence of being ultra-rapid metabolizers due to a 2D6 polymorphism

A

Codeine

do not use in children <12

or <18 for said surgeries

44
Q

The FDA recommends to avoid codeine-containing cough and cold products for patients

A

<18

45
Q

Brand: Tessalon Perles

A

benzonatate

46
Q

Brand: Bromfed DM

A

Generic: Brompheniramine/psueoephedrine/dextromethoprphan

47
Q

AC means what is inside?

A

codeine

48
Q

Brand: TussiCapsm

A

Generic: Chlorpheniramine/hydrocodone

C-II

49
Q

Promethazine/codeine

control?

A

C-V

50
Q

guafenensin/codeine

control?

A

C-V

51
Q

Guafenesin/codeine/pseudoephdrine

control?

A

C-V

52
Q

What products need to be avoided in children <2?

A

OTC cough and cold products

promethazine

topical menthol and camphor (Vicks)

NAPLEX 21 (60 decks)

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